Biology Human Anatomy

Front 1

Squamous epithelium

Back 1

thin layer of cells, one cell thick that lines the internal cavities of the body (cheek cells)

Front 2

Cuboidal epithelium

Back 2

in structures such as ducts of kidneys. are as high as they are wide

Front 3

Columnar epithelium

Back 3

lining of respiratory passages or digestive organs, responsible for secretion or absorption. much longer than wide

Front 4

Epithelial cells

Back 4

protectors of the body. cover outer surfaces and line the inner passages. Determines which substances enter body

Front 5

Connective tissue

Back 5

three categories:
cells of immune system
cells of skeletal system
cells that store and distribute substances

Front 6

erythrocytes

Back 6

red blood cells (pink and lack nuclei)

Front 7

leukocytes

Back 7

white blood cells (stained purple on slides)

Front 8

plasma

Back 8

liquid portion of blood, intercellular matrix in tissue

Front 9

Bone

Back 9

white, mineral intercellular matrix that fills space between cells

Front 10

hyaline cartilage

Back 10

pink intercellular matrix of protein that contains many cells with lacunae (small black hole that contained a bone cell).
most abundant type of cartilage. Facilitates movement at body's joints and provides support

Front 11

Muscle tissue

Back 11

work only through contraction and this movement is involved in moving something else. Three types:
skeletal/striated
cardiac
smooth

Front 12

Skeletal/striated

Back 12

volunatry muscle associated with bones. long cylindrical cells with dark cross-striations(fingerprint)

Front 13

Cardiac muscle

Back 13

muscle only in heart. long cells with faint striation. fibers are smaller than striated and are connected in wavy, branch-like arrangement

Front 14

smooth muscle

Back 14

involuntary muscle, in digestive organs. cells are tapered at each end, with no striations and a wavy appearance

Front 15

Neurons

Back 15

neural Tissue consist of cell body and cytoplasmic extensions
axons carry signals away
dendrites carry impulses towards

Front 16

Human digestive tract functions

Back 16

Food intake
mechanical breakdown and digestion of food
absorption of nutrients
formation and evacuation of feces

Front 17

mouth

Back 17

food enters the digestive system here, where mechanical breakdown of food with aid from secretion of saliva

Front 18

pharynx

Back 18

passageway food moves down, shared by digestive and respiratory systems

Front 19

esophagus

Back 19

carries the food past your throacic cavity, which contains your heart and lungs

Front 20

stomach

Back 20

widest part of digestive tract, allows for food storage and delivers it to the rest of your digestive system in small amounts. where digestion occurs

Front 21

small intestine, duodenum

Back 21

from stomach, food travels here (both names)

Front 22

pancreas

Back 22

located below the stomach, gives the duodenum enzymes to aid with digestion and receives bicarbonate

Front 23

liver

Back 23

aids with digestion of lipids, produces bile

Front 24

gall bladder

Back 24

stores liver produced bile until needed by duodenum

Front 25

small intestine

Back 25

involved in absorption of nutrients through finger-like projections called villi.

Front 26

large intestine

Back 26

also known by colon, larger in diameter by shorter in length . absorbs remaining water and alts to consolidate solid waste

Front 27

Respiratory system function

Back 27

basic function is gas exchange: the uptake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide

Front 28

nasal cavity

Back 28

where air first passes, warms, moistens and filters the air

Front 29

pharynx

Back 29

a passageway shared by digestive and respiratory systems, second stop of airflow

Front 30

larynx

Back 30

contains vocal chords

Front 31

trachea

Back 31

splits into two bronchi, one going to each lung

Front 32

bronchioles

Back 32

bronchi ultimately branch into several smaller of these. where air is moistened, warmed, and filtered by sili

Front 33

alveoli (alveolus)

Back 33

sac-like structures where gas exchange takes place, covered by capillaries

Front 34

Circulatory system functions

Back 34

blood moves through body within this system. consists of blood cells and blood plasma. carries oxygen, CO2, nutrients and metabolic wastes, hormones and components of your immune system. and regulates temperature

Front 35

Heart

Back 35

Four chambered muscle that pumps your blood

Front 36

atria vs. ventricles

Back 36

one receives blood from elsewhere in the body
other pumps blood out of the heart

Front 37

right atrium, right ventricle

Back 37

blood coming back from the body collects in the _____ and moves into the ________ which pumps it to the lungs

Front 38

Left atrium, left ventricle

Back 38

the oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the ________ and moves into the _________ which pumps it back through the body.

Front 39

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Back 39

three types of vessels blood travels through

Front 40

Arteries

Back 40

carry blood away from the heart, and have thick muscular walls to withstand the pressure of pumping heart muscle

Front 41

Veins

Back 41

carry blood back to the heart, have thinner walls due to reduced pressure

Front 42

capillaries

Back 42

small vessels where exchanges of nutrients and wastes take place with the other cells of the body

Front 43

Skeletal system

Back 43

comprised of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Give your body form and support. Large bones contain red bone marrow, source for new blood cells

Front 44

Reproduction system

Back 44

internal fertilization, which male typically places sperm with female's body to prevent gametes from drying

Front 45

testes

Back 45

where sperm of male are produced, develop in abdomen but descend into sack called scrotum.

Front 46

ovaries

Back 46

ovum (egg) released from one of two ______during process called ovulation

Front 47

Oviduct/fallopian tube

Back 47

ovum is carried through _______. where fertilization takes place

Front 48

Uterus

Back 48

where developing embryo will enter and implant within its wall. here it develops attaching to mother with placenta where nutrients and wastes are exchanged

Front 49

Kidneys

Back 49

serve three basic functions:
-filter nitrogenous wastes from the blood
-maintain proper balance of water and salts
-regulate the pH of the blood by removing excess hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate

Front 50

liver

Back 50

produces bile to aid digestion
regulates levels of substances in blood
detoxifies poisonous substances
helps regulate blood sugar levels

Front 51

pancreas

Back 51

produces enzymes and bugger to aid with digestion
produces insulin (lower blood sugar)
produces glucagon (raise blood sugar)

Front 52

spleen

Back 52

next to stomach
blood flowing through __________ is exposed to leukocytes that destroy bacteria
removes old erythrocytes