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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plasma Membrane |
Regulates traffic of molecules btw the cell membrane and its surroundings; a filter |
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Nucleus |
Houses DNA Genetic control of Eukaryotic cells Control center; tells other organelles what to do |
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Produces proteins |
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Produce lipids Break down toxins
NO ribosomes on it
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Golgi Apparatus |
Package & transport materials from E.R. thru-out the cell Stores things Make lysosomes |
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Mitochondria |
Produces ATP (energy) site of cellular respiration --> energy |
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Ribosome |
Builds proteins according to instructions from the genes Made up of protein and RNA, made by nucleoli |
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Cystoskeleton |
Network of Fibers keeps cell structure and shape |
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Animals and Plants have what cell structures? |
All 8: Golgi Ribosome Mucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Mitochondria Cell membrane Cytoskeleton |
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Bacteria have what 2 cell structures |
Membrane and Ribosomes |
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Prokaryote |
a single celled organism No nucleus: DNA floatin around in clumps No organelles (ribosomes not considered oranelle Small cell |
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Eukaryote |
Have many organelles Organized nucleus; membrane bound Large cell |
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What kingdoms are Prokaryotic? |
Archaebacteria - unicellular, in harsh conditions
Eubacteria - unicellular, like bacteria or germs |
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What kindoms are Eukaryotic? |
Protista - anything eukaryotic that isn't fungus, plants, or animals/uni and multi cellular/ don't specialize in functions
Fungi - mostly multicellular, decomposers
Animalia - multicellular, fully functional organelles
Plantae - organelles help w/ photosynthesis |
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Nucleotide |
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Nitrogenous bases are connected by what bond? |
Hydrogen (weaker so it can break off and DNA/RNA can translate and replicate, etc) |
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What kind of bond connects parts of the nucleotide? |
Covalent (stronger) |
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3 nitrogen bases make up? |
RNA Codon |
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RNA Codons make up? |
Amino acids |
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Who discovered DNA double helix |
Watson and Crick |
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Who provided XRay images of molecular structure of double helix |
Rosalind Franklin |
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What did the helix make them realize? |
DNA copies itself immediately |
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What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA? |
Adenine - Thymine Guanine - Cytosine |
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What nitrogenous base goes with RNA? |
Uracil (replace Thymine) |
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Why is DNA twisted up? |
So it fits in the cell |
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A unit of heredity transferred to the next generation? |
Gene |
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2 types of Genes? |
Structural: code for particular enzyme Regulatory: tells structural what to do/when |
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Who made breakthrough in genetics? |
Mendel |
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How chromosomes got their name? |
Scientists stained them w/COLOR to see and distinguish them |
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What did Mendel grow for genetic experiments? |
Pea Plants because they were easy to grow and manipulate/cross bread
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When one trait has NOTHING to do with another, not linked?(like height and eye color) |
Law of Independent Inheritance |
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Diagram used to predict outcome of cross breeding genes/traits |
Punnet Square |
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Which chromosome makes someone male? |
Y |
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What is genetic makeup or an organism? |
genotype |
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What are the observable characteristics or an organism? |
Phenotype |
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When a hybrid falls between phenotypes, almost like a mix of the 2, not completely one or the other is? |
Incomplete dominance |
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When both alleles are expressed in heterozygous person? |
Codominant (mostly with blood types like AB) |
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When inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another |
Law of Independent Assortment |
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How to tell if something is homo or hetero dominant |
Test Cross -if it breeds a recessive gene when mated w/ a homo recessive then its hetero |
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What cells have long hemoglobin proteins that crystaize?
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Sickle Cells - genetic disease
-cause clots -lead to weak body and pain in heart, kidney, brain |
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when genes are located at specific positions on chromosomes (loci) --> inheritance patterns |
Chromosome theory of Inheritance |
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genes that are close together on a chromosome, tend to be inherited as a set (DON'T follow law of indep assort.) |
Linked Genes |
