Biology Flash Cards

Front 1

Cerebellum

Back 1

The cerebellum controls coordination and balance. It is located just above the brain stem and toward the back of the brain.

Front 2

Motor Neuron

Back 2

A nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland. Motor neurones carry signals from the CNS to effectors.

Front 3

Relay Neuron

Back 3

Relay neurones carry messages from one part of the CNS to another.

Front 4

Sensory neurones

Back 4

Sensory neurones carry signals from receptors to the spinal cord and brain.

Front 5

The central nervous system. (CNS)

Back 5

The nervous system allows the body to respond to changes in the environment. This is a process usually coordinated by the brain. Reflex actions are extra-rapid responses to stimuli, and this process also involves the nervous system, but bypasses the brain.

Front 6

Reflex action

Back 6

When a receptor is stimulated, it sends a signal to the central nervous system, where the brain co-ordinates the response. But sometimes a very quick response is needed, one that does not need the involvement of the brain. This is a reflex action.

Front 7

Reflex arc

Back 7

1.receptor detects a stimulus - change in the environment
2.sensory neurone sends signal to relay neurone
3.motor neurone sends signal to effector
4.effector produces a response

Front 8

Stem cells

Back 8

When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell.

Front 9

Cerebrum

Back 9

Controls memory, personality and reasoning.

Front 10

Meristem

Back 10

In plants, growth is restricted to regions called meristems. A meristem is a group of undifferentiated plant cells which are capable of dividing repeatedly.

Front 11

Specialized cells

Back 11

Specialized cells are found in multicellular organisms and are able to function to a more advanced level than a unicellular organism. It has specialized features which enable it to preform an individual function.

Front 12

Xylem

Back 12

Water passes up through the plant in the xylem tissue which consists of a continuous system of hollow vessels whose structure exactly suits their functions of water transport and support.

Front 13

Phloem

Back 13

A phloem has sieve plates and the continuous system of cytoplasmic strands to carry out the function of transporting soluble carbohydrates.

Front 14

Root hair cells

Back 14

Root hair cells absorb water and mineral salts

Front 15

Red blood cells

Back 15

Red blood cells uptake and transport oxygen to living cells. They have a rich supply of haemoglobin.

Front 16

Palisade cell

Back 16

The cells present in the palliside layer in the leaf structure is the pallisade cell, their function is to carry out photosynthesis since they contain maximum number of chloroplast, these cells are arranged very close to each other.

Front 17

Phagocyte

Back 17

Phagocytosis ('cell-eating') is the process by which foreign bodies such as bacteria are engulfed and destroyed. Cells capable of phagocytosis are called phagocytes.

Front 18

Sperm cell

Back 18

A sperm cell is the male reproductive cell. It has a tail for mobility and each one has many mitochondria (where respiration occurs) to release the energy needed for its journey.

Front 19

Synapse

Back 19

Where two neurones meet there is a tiny gap called a synapse. Signals cross this gap using chemicals. One neurone releases the chemical into the gap. The chemical diffuses across the gap and makes the next neurone transmit an electrical signal.

Front 20

Stimulus

Back 20

A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.

Front 21

Neurotransmitter

Back 21

A neurotransmitter is a chemical. Neurotransmitters carry messages from neuron to neuron.

Front 22

Medulla

Back 22

A medulla is the lowest part of the brain stem. It forms the major pathway for nerve impulses entering and leaving the skull, The medulla regulates the reflex responses that control breathing, heart beat, blood pressure, and other essential involuntary functions.