Biology Final Review

Front 1

Which one of the following is an example of an isolating mechanism that could be found both before and after fertilization occurs?

Back 1

Courtship displays in birds

Front 2

You have discovered a new species of microscopic organism, and have examined it carefully. It is fundamentally single-celled, and you can see a distinct nucleus. Based upon these observations, you conflude that it most likely should be classified as:

Back 2

A protist

Front 3

Bacteria show a large diversity of ecologies. The bacerium Rhizobium lives in a symbiotic relationship with certain plants and:

Back 3

fixes atmospheric nitrogen

Front 4

The evolutionary fitness of an organism is measured by its relative:

Back 4

reproductive output

Front 5

When the number of individuals (N) in a population is approaching the carrying capacity (K) of the environment for that population, the:

Back 5

rate of increase in the population will be much slower than that of a population showing exponential growth

Front 6

The evolution of drug resistant variants of HIV is a type of _____ selection

Back 6

diversifying

Front 7

In which of the following populations would you expect to see a change in allele frequencies?

Back 7

A population that has a very small number of individuals.

Front 8

On an island, 4% (.04) of the residents have achromatopsia. They cannot distinguish colors and have difficulty seeing in daylight. his condition inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. Based on this, what is the frequency of he achromatopsia allele in this population?

Back 8

.20

Front 9

Which of the following characteristics is not shared by plants and fungi?

Back 9

autotrophy

Front 10

A population of wolves from Canada was introduced into the United States. Afer a few years, it was noticed hat as the population size increased, the growth rate of the population decreased. This population probably was experiencing ______ growth.

Back 10

logistic

Front 11

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in a population refers to:

Back 11

unchanging allele and genotype frequencies from one generation to the next

Front 12

Walking in woods. Hear male frogs calling from the spring ponds that formed when the snow melted. At least three different species calling. The female frogs will hop toward a pond and will mate only with a male of the same species. You are hearing an example of a(n) _____ reproductive isolating mechanism.

Back 12

behavioral

Front 13

The intrinsic rate of growth of a population is defined as the growth rate when:

Back 13

there are no factors limiting population growth

Front 14

Which of these is the primary mode of transmission of HIV?

Back 14

infected individuals have unprotected sex, transmitting he virus in semen or vaginal fluid

Front 15

In 1816, fifteen people built a British colony on Tristan de cunha, a group of small islands in the middle of the souther Atlantic Ocean. Today, the frequency of the allele for retinitis pigmentosa, which causes a form of blindness and is inherited as an autosomal recessive, is much higher there than it is in the population that the ancestors of the inhabitants came from. This is most likely explained by:

Back 15

the founder effect

Front 16

When you are at the beach, you notice that the male fiddler crabs have one front claw that varies in size, from very small to very large; in females both front claws are the same size. The males use this claw to fight with each other and the males with the largest claw usually win. Females seem to be attracted to males with larger claws and are more likely to mate with them. This is best described as an example of:

Back 16

sexual selection

Front 17

Which of these types characters would be the most useful in building a phylogenetic tree showing the relationships of all forms of life on Earth?

Back 17

molecules, looking at the DNA sequences of the organisms

Front 18

Which of these groups of organisms is NOT a member of the Domain Eukarya?

Back 18

Archaea

Front 19

For a population in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, at a gene with two alleles, which equation describes the frequencies of the possible alleles in the population?

Back 19

p+q=1

Front 20

Spiny cactus such as the prickly pear, live in the deserts of he southwestern United States. Peccaries, a type of wild pig, prefer to eat cactus plants that have pads with fewer spines. An insect lays its eggs at the base of the cactus spines; the eggs hatch and the larvae eat the cactus pads. This insect prefers to lay its eggs on plants that have more spines on their pads. These activities reduce the fitness of the plants with both the fewest and most spines in the population. This is an example of:

Back 20

Stabilizing selection

Front 21

Many closely related species of marine animals are found on eiher side of he Isthmus of Panama, which formed about 3.5 million years ago, separating the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea. These species probably arose through:

Back 21

Allopatric speciation

Front 22

When you see a cell that has chromosomes composed of two DNA molecules (sister chromatids) you know that the cell is in which one of the following phases in the cell cycle?

Back 22

The cell has completed the S phase

Front 23

How can the greenhouse effect lead to global warming?

Back 23

an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere allows less energy to be radiated from the Earth back into space.

Front 24

Carbon monoxide is a gas that binds well to the hemoglobin molecules in human red blood cells. If the CO level in the air is high, the circulatory system can not carry adequate oxygen to the cells throughout the body. This causes death very rapidly because oxygen is required as an electron acceptor at the end of _______ and aerobic cellular respiration will stop if it is absent.

Back 24

The electron transport chain

Front 25

When light strikes the pigment chlorophyll, it excites an electron, which is passed to the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane. The electron must be replaced before that cholorophyll molecule can again capture light energy. This electron is replaced by an electron from a molecule of:

Back 25

water

Front 26

Binary fission in prokaryotes:

Back 26

results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell