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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anaerobic respiration
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glycolysis to fermentation
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aerobic respiration
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everything from glycolysis to electron transport chain
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cellular respiration
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the taking in of o2 to facilitate the breakdown of glucose and other sugars
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Kreb's Cycle
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(cytric acid cycle) part of respiration in eukaryotic cells. it produces co2 and 2ATP
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Electron Transport Chain
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produces 32ATP in respiration in eukaryotic cells
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fermentation
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the fusion of the gametes to create a new organism
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various types of fermentation
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ropy, putrefactive, alcoholic, lactic, acetic
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glycolysis
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glucose changes into pyruvic acid with net gain of 2 ATP
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where glycolysis occurs
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cytoplasm
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Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
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the molecule that occurs during glycolysis and gets turned into pyruvic acid
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acetyle-COA
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Its main use is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production
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Pyruvate
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Pyruvic Acid-3 carbons
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chloroplasts
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organelles that contain enzymes and pigments and perform photosynthesis
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grana
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stack of thalakoids
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stoma
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small opening in cell epidermis
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nucleosome
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chromatin fiber wrapped around 8 histones
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centriole
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bundle of microtubules at the poles of a cell
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telomere
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part of chromosome where aging is believed to take place
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p arm
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smaller arm (pussy arm or petite arm)
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q arm
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longer arm
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centromere
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central structure of sister chromatids where they stay together after prometaphase
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kinetochore
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where spindal fibers attach to chromosomes to seperate them
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aster
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part coming off of centriole that attaches to membrane
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binary fission
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cell division in prokaryotic cells
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cell cycle
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Interphase & mitosis
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G zero period
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G0- resting place for cells who are not going through interphase or mitosis
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First Gap Period
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Preparation for synthesis
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Second Gap Perido
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Preparation for Mitosis
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Synthesis Phase
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DNA and all other internal structures of cell are replicated
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Mitosis (M)
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prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
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cytokinesis
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division of cytoplasm
also the last part of cell division |
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cell plate
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what occurs during cytokinesis in plants (prokaryotic cells)
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DNA check points-cell cycle
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After G1 and G2 where the cell checks itself during interphase
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chromatin
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combination of DNA and haploid proteins to create chromosomes.
(strands of DNA) (found in nucleus) |
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chromatids
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chromosomes that are the same
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cleavage furrow
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indentation during cell divison
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crossing-over
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chiasma, Prophase I
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haploid number
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Number of chromosomes in a reproductive cell
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diploid number
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2n=8 chromosomes
Number of chromosomes in a typical cell |
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tetraploid number
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4n=16
Only seen during ANAPHASE |
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euchromatin
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lightly packed form of DNA that occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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heterochromatin
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tightly packed form of DNA
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fertilization
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the fusion of gametes to create a new organism
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zygote
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the union of egg and sperm
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genome
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the complete set of traits (organized)
All of organisms information |
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histone
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protein that DNA wraps around
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homologous chromatids
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not same but dictate same trait... one from mom one from dad
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homologous sister chromatids
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tetrad
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sister chromatids
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dyad
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interphase
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G1, S, G2
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