Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Multicellular
|
consisting of many cells
|
|
|
Prokaryote
|
cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles
|
|
|
Eukaryote
|
cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles
|
|
|
Stimulus
|
environmental change that triggers a response
|
|
|
Autotroph
|
organism that makes its own food
|
|
|
Heterotroph
|
organism that obtains food by eating other organisms
|
|
|
Asexual
|
process in which a single cell or set of cells produces offspring that inherit all their genetic material from one parent
|
|
|
Sexual
|
process in which genetic material from two parents combines and produces offspring that differ genetically from either parent
|
|
|
Homeostasis
|
internal stability of “steady state” maintained by the body
|
|
|
7 characteristics of living things mnemonic
|
CHARGER
|
|
|
7 characteristics of living things
|
cells, homeostasis, adapt and evolve, reproduce, grow and develop, energy, respond to the environment
|
|
|
Trait: it is a multicellular animal
|
Characteristic of Life: Cells
|
|
|
Trait: it eats grass
|
Characteristic of Life: Energy
|
|
|
Trait: the grass causes it to get bigger
|
Characteristic of Life: grow and develop
|
|
|
Trait: it creates another object with a mate
|
Characteristic of Life: reproduce
|
|
|
Trait: it gets rid of waste products
|
Characteristic of Life: homeostasis
|
|
|
Trait: it burrows underground to keep warm in winter
|
Characteristic of Life: respond to the environment
|
|
|
Trait: over many generations, its members with thicker fur survive longer
|
Characteristic of Life: adapt and evolve
|
|
|
Artificial selection
|
selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits
|
|
|
Natural selection
|
process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals
|
|
|
Migration
|
movement from one place to another
|
|
|
Migration example
|
birds migrating to a warmer place
|
|
|
Fossils
|
preserved remains or marking left by an organism that lived in the past
|
|
|
Fossils example
|
Dinosaur bones
|
|
|
Genetic variation/diversity
|
any difference between cells, individual organs, or groups of organisms
|
|
|
Genetic variation/diversity example
|
human height
|
|
|
Evolution
|
change in proportion of different inherited genes in a population that accounts for changes that have changed life over time
|
|
|
Analogous structures
|
similarities among unrelated species that result from convergent evolution
|
|
|
Analogous structures example
|
Bird wing and bat wing
|
|
|
Homologous structures
|
similar structures found in more than one species that share a common ancestor
|
|
|
Homologous structures example
|
Human arm and cat arm
|
|
|
Vestigial structures
|
remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species’ ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species
|
|
|
Vestigial structures example
|
Appendix
|
|
|
Adaptation
|
inherited characteristic that improves an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
|
|
|
Explain the evidence there is that supports evolution
|
there are fossil records. Also homologous, analogous and vestigial structures prove evolution
|
|
|
What are the four mechanisms of evolutionary change?
|
mutation
gene flow genetic drift natural selection |
|
|
Explain the importance of genetic variation in the process of natural selection.
|
it is important to have genetic variations so there can be changes. If there is no difference in genetics, the next generations cannot get new favorable traits. They can't adapt to environment.
|
|
|
What does it mean for an organism to be “fit” for its environment?
|
for it to be able to survive and adapt to its environment and reproduce
|
|
|
Compare the view of Lamarck with Darwin. Which scientist is the most accurate and why?
|
Darwin was the most accurate.
|
|
|
Snowy environment with lots of white rabbits and few brown. What will happen to rabbit population if it starts snowing less?
|
There will be fewer white rabbits and more brown rabbits because white rabbits are seen easily in a brown environment so they will be hunted more.
|
|
|
Woman has appendix removed. Even though it is vestigial, with her babies be born without an appendix?
|
No. Lamarck thought changes that happened to organisms in their life would be passed on. Darwin proved this wrong.He studied genetics to show traits are only passed on thru genes.
|
|
|
List the 7 levels of classification from largest to smallest
|
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
|
|
|
Biotic
|
living part of an environment
|
|
|
Biotic example
|
plants
|
|
|
Abiotic
|
non-living part of an environment
|
|
|
Abiotic example
|
dirt
|
|
|
Predator
|
the organism that hunts and consumes another organism
|
|
|
Predator example
|
a bird killing a mouse
|
|
|
Prey
|
the organism that is hunted and eaten by another organism
|
|
|
Prey example
|
a mouse is being killed by a bird
|
|
|
Autotroph
|
organism that can make its own food
|
|
|
Autotroph example
|
plants
|
|
|
Heterotroph
|
organism that cannot make its own food and must eat other organisms
|
|
|
Heterotroph example
|
lion
|
|
|
Biome
|
large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal goups that are adapted for the area
|
|
|
Biome example
|
forest
|
|
|
Ecosystem
|
community of living things plus the non-living parts of the environment
|
|
|
Ecosystem example
|
Forest
|
|
|
Niche
|
specific location that an organism occupies and how it functions within
|
|
|
Niche example
|
a certain tree that a bird lives in
|
|
|
Habitat
|
an organism’s specific environment
|
|
|
Habitat example
|
a lake for a fish
|
|
|
Ecology
|
study of interactions among organisms and organisms with their environment
|
|
|
Ecology example
|
used to make decisions about environmental issues
|
|
|
Organism
|
a living thing
|
|
|
Organism example
|
dog
|
|
|
Producer
|
organism that makes its own food
|
|
|
Producer example
|
plant
|
|
|
Consumer
|
organism that cannot make its own food and must consume other organisms
|
|
|
Consumer example
|
lion
|
|
|
Herbivore
|
organism that eats plants
|
|
|
Herbivore example
|
deer
|
|
|
Omnivore
|
organism that eats both meat and plants
|
|
|
Omnivore example
|
humans
|
|
|
Carnivore
|
organism that eats meat
|
|
|
Carnivore example
|
lion
|
|
|
Decomposer
|
organism that feeds by breaking down organic material
|
|
|
Decomposer example
|
mushroom
|
|
|
Competition
|
relationship between two species wanting the same resources
|
|
|
Competition example
|
plants in the same area fighting for sunlight
|
|
|
Symbiosis
|
relationship in which two organisms live close together
|
|
|
Symbiosis example
|
clown fish and anemone
|
|
|
Commensalism
|
one organism benefits while the other is left unaffected
|
|
|
Commensalism example
|
krill and whale
|
|
|
Parasitism
|
one organism obtains food at the expense of another
|
|
|
Parasitism example
|
mosquito and human
|
|
|
Carrying capacity
|
the maximum number of individuals an environment can support
|
|
|
Limiting factors
|
certain factors that stop populations from getting out of control
|
|
|
Limiting factor example
|
limited space
|
|
|
Population stability
|
-birth rate = death rate
-enough resources |
|
|
Population growth
|
-birth rate > death rate
-enough food -enough space -protected from predators -protected from disease |
|
|
Population decline
|
-death rate > birth rate
-limited food, space - predators -disease |
|
|
Biodiversity
|
a variety of organisms in a given area
|
|
|
Biodiversity example
|
animals in a rainforest
|
|
|
Food web
|
a more complex and realistic path of energy transfer
|
|
|
Food chain
|
a simple path of energy transfer
|
|
|
Photosynthesis
|
when a plant takes in water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight and has an output of glucose and oxygen
|
|
|
Cellular respiration
|
when it takes in oxygen and glucose and outputs carbon dioxide, water and energy (ATP)
|
|
|
Energy
|
the ability to do work
|
|
|
Toxin
|
poisonous things
|
|
|
Biomagnification
|
process where pollutants get more concentrated in higher trophic levels
|
|
|
What is population density?
|
the number of how many organisms are in a habitat
|
|
|
Compare exponential growth of a population and logistic growth. Which reaches a carrying capacity?
|
Logistic growth relates to carrying capacity
|
|
|
Exponential and logistic growth axes
|
population size on y, time on x; logistic has dotted line K
|
|
|
What is the ultimate energy source for life on earth? Which organisms are able to directly use this energy?
|
Sunlight. Plants are able to directly use sunlight for photosynthesis
|
|
|
How does energy move through a food web?
|
the organisms are eaten.
predator-prey relationship |
|
|
What do the arrows in a food web represent?
|
Transfer of energy
|
|
|
Photosynthesis inputs
|
water, carbon dioxide, sunlight
|
|
|
Photosynthesis outputs
|
oxygen, glucose
|
|
|
Cellular respiration inputs
|
oxygen, glucose
|
|
|
Cellular respiration outputs
|
water, carbon dioxide, energy (ATD)
|
|
|
How toxins move through ecosystem: do they increase or decrease and why
|
Toxins increase as they move through an ecosystem,accumulating in each animal. By the time a tertiary consumer eats a secondary consumer, there is more toxins. Gets more concentrated.
|
|
|
What is a native species?
|
A species that lives in an area and naturally lives there. Not moved there by humans.
|
|
|
Compare introduced and invasive species. What is specific to Introduced?
|
-moved by humans into a new place
-survives |
|
|
Compare introduced and invasive species. What is specific to Invasive?
|
-causes harm to environment or species
|
|
|
Compare introduced and invasive species. What is common to both?
|
moved by humans
|
|
|
cells |
living things have different levels of organization. Cells, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.heart cells->cardiovascular system->etc. |
|
|
homeostasis |
able to regulate and balance internal (body) and external environments - body temperature |
|
|
adapt and evolve |
acquiring of advantageous traits through genetic changes. Can only change between generations. Monarch and Viceroy butterflies |
|
|
reproduce |
living things pass on a genetic code (DNA) to future generations. It can happen sexually or asexually. Male and female mouse mate to form a baby mouse. |
|
|
grow and develop |
a living organism grows by cell division and cell enlargement. A human growing taller. |
|
|
energy |
living things use energy. They take in energy and use it for maintenance and growth - digestion |
|
|
respond to the environment |
make changes in response to stimulus to the environment. sunflowers turn heads to follow the sun as it moves. |
|
|
Darwin |
Genetics is the only way to pass on genes.
Came up with natural selection. |
|
|
Lamarck |
Thought that changes happened based on the animal's needs and wants. Thought things that happened in the animal's life were passed on to offspring. |
