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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does not describe a polymer |
Polymers are broken down by the process of hydrogenation |
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What does the nucleus of an atom contain |
Protons and neutrons |
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A chlorine atom becomes a chloride ion when it does what |
Gains an electron |
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Carbon - 12, carbon - 13, carbon - 14, are what |
Isotopes |
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Diffusion continues until when |
It continues until the concentration gradient |
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If an atom of fluorine has 9 electrons, its second energy level has how many electrons |
7 |
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Unlike carbohydrates and fats, proteins contain what |
Nitrogen |
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An organic compound with a ratio of about two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for each carbon atom is a what |
A carbohydrate |
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The smaller subunits that make up nucleic acids are what |
Nucleotides |
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Any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water is a what |
And acid |
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Two atoms that share electrons are held together by what kind of bonds |
Covalent bonds |
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Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are what |
Isotopes |
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Atoms of two or more elements chemically combined are what |
Compounds |
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Glucose polymer that forms the cell walls of plants |
Cellulose |
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Large molecule formed when many smaller molecules form together |
Polymer |
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Molecule with unequal distribution of charge |
Polar molecule |
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Protein that speeds up a chemical reaction |
Enzyme |
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Bond formed between amino acids |
Peptide bond |
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Describe the atomic structure of a carbon atom, including the electron energy levels |
Has six protons and six neutrons in the nucleus. 2 electrons in first energy level 4 in second energy level |
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Explain help polymers may be broken down in living things |
-Broken down by hydrolysis -Which is the reverse of condensation -hydrogen is added to one part of the molecule -hydroxide is added to the other part |
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Explain how polymers can be made in living things |
- formed by condensation - condensation is when a hydrogen atom from 1 monomer with a hydroxide atom from a second monomer combine - forms water - the two monomers are linked as the water forms |
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Explain the importance of carbon the ability to form covalent bonds in straight chains, branched chains, or rings |
- it allows for a wide variety of organic molecules -which is needed for living things to carry out life processes |
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Why is the polar property of water important |
- allows materials to dissolve in it - but still doesn't react with them chemically |
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How can isotopes be utilized in medicine |
- can be used to diagnose a disease because of radioactivity - can be used to treat diseases |
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How do sodium and chlorine combine to form a stable compound in a chemical reaction |
- sodium atom loses one electron - chlorine atoms get one electron - when it forms sodium chloride is stable |
