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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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photosynthesis
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– process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars, and starches.
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autotrophs
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– organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer.
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pigments
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– light-absorbing molecule.
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cellular respiration
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– process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
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fermentation
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– process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen.
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aerobic
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– A process that does not require energy.
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anaerobic
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– A process that does require energy.
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gene pool
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– all of the genes in a population.
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genetic drift
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– random change in allele frequencies in small populations.
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index fossil
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– distinctive fossil used to compare the relative age of fossils.
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ecology
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– study of interactions of organisms with each other and their environment.
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biosphere
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– combined portions of the planet in which all life exists.
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population
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– a group of individuals of the same species that interbreed.
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species
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– have to breed and produce fertile offspring.
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ecosystem
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– all organisms living in the same place with their physical environment.
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producers
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– autotrophs which make their own food.
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chemosynthesis
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– process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.
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omnivores
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– eats meat and plants.
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nutrient
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– chemical substance that an organism requires to live.
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greenhouse effect
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– a natural situation in which in heat is retained in Earth’s atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases.
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biotic
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– biological influence on organisms within an ecosystem.
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abiotic
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– physical or non physical factor that shapes an ecosystem.
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niche
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– a biotic and abiotic factor in which an organism lives.
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primary succession
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– succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists.
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secondary succession
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– succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil.
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exponential growth
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– the growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reduce at a constant rate.
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cladogram
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– diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.
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chloroplast
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– organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
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Calvin cycle
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– reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars.
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heterotroph
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– organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes.
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adaptation
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– any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival.
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evolution
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– change over time.
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paleontologist
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– scientist who studies fossils.
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fossils
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– the preserved remains of ancient organisms.
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logistic growth
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– the growth pattern in which a population’s growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth.
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weather
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– day to day conditions in a particular place at a particular time.
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food chain
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– steps showing how energy is transformed between organisms.
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domain
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– most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom.
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binomial nomenclature
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– Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
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evolutionary classification
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– The strategy of grouping organisms together based on their evolutionary history.
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