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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kingdom Animalia
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multicellular
motile heterotrophic diplontic life cycle |
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Phyla Porifera
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Sponges
sessile (stay in one place), filter feeders (pore bearers), have internal framework of spicules |
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Phyla Cnidaria
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Hydra, jellyfish, portguese-man-of-war, sea anemones, coral
all examples have: cnidocytes (stinging cells), tentacles hydra have nerve tissue |
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Phyla Platyhelminthes
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Planaria, parasitic tapeworm, parasitic fluke
"flatworms" |
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Phyla Nematoda
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Human roundworm, hookworm, pork roundworm, heartworm
"roundworms" only phyla with psuedocolemate Filarial worm causes disease, Elephantiasis |
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Phyla Mollusca
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Clam, oyster, scallops, snails, slugs, squid, octopus
Second Largest Phylum All examples have: foot, mantle, and visceral mass means soft body Filter feeders: clams, oysters, and scallops |
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Phyla Annelida
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Sandworms, leeches, earthworms
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Phyla Arthropoda
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Crayfish, crabs, lobster, shrimp, barnacles, spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, millipedes, centipedes, all insects
LARGEST PHYLUM All have exoskeleton means jointed appendages(feet) segmentation fused into geographic regions |
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Fish body regions
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Cephalothorax (headmost body) >>Abdomen (tail)
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Insect body regions
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Head>>Thorax>>Abdomen
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Phyla Echinodermata
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Starfish, brittle star, sandollar, sea urchins, sea cucumber
Unique watervascular system Madreporite: Opening used for water consumption Have tubed feet |
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Phyla Chordata
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Lancelets, seasquirts, lampreys, sharks, skates, rays, flounder, perch, trout, seahorse, goldfish, frogs, toads, snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, alligators, all birds, all mammals
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Phyla Chordata Chracteristics
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Notochord: Stiffening rod that grows in embryonic stage (isnt there in adult stage)
Pharyngeal (gill) clefts: Slits around mouth from embryonic stage Dorsal hollow nervous system: spinal cord Post-anal tail |
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Level of Organization
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cellular- tissues- organ/organ system
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Germ layers
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embryonic cell layers, form in embryo
diploblastic (two germ layers) triploblastic (three germ layers) |
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Symmetry
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asymmetry (no symmetry)
radial (round) Bilateral |
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Body plan
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how the digestive tract is set up
sac plan (only one opening) tube-within-tube (two openings; mouth and anus) |
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Coelem
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body cavity with organs
acoelemate (have no coelem) pseudocoelemate (false coelem, made of mesoderm and endoderm) Coelemate (true coelem; completely lined with mesoderm) |
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Invertibrate vs. Vertibrate
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No back bone(vertebral column) vs. Has a backbone
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Earthworms
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Monoecious
have clitellum (thicker band) |
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Cephalization
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formation of a head
only works with bilateral symmetry |
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Cellular- no germ layers- no symmetry- no body plan- acoelomate- nonsegmented
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Porifera
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Tissues- diploblastic- radial- sac plan- acoelomate- nonsegmented
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Cnidaria
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Organ system- triploblastic- bilateral- sac plan- acoelomate- nonsegmanted
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Platyhelminthes
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Organ system- triploblastic- bilateral- tube within tube- psuedocoelomate- nonsegmented
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Nematoda
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Organ system- triploblastic- bilateral- tube within tube- coelomate- nonsegmented
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Mollusca
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Organ system- triploblastic- bilateral- tube within tube- coelomate- segmented
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Annelida, Anthropoda, or Chordata
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Organ system- triploblastic- bilateral- tube within tube- coelomate- nonsegmented
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Echinodermata
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Invertebrate (proto) chordates
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Chordates without vertebral column
early chordates sea squirts, lancelets |
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Vertebrate chordates
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chordates with a vertebral column
FISH CLASSES: "fish," aquatic, fins for locomotion, gills for respiration, 2 chambered heart, ectothermic (body temperature varies) Classes: Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, TERRESTRIAL CLASSES: mostly terrestrial, two paired limbs, lungs for respiration in adult Classes: Amphibia, Reptilia, Mammalia |
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Class Agnatha
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"without jaws"
lacking jaws and paired fins Example:lamprey |
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Class Chondrichthyes
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"cartilaginous fish" --Skeleton of cartilage
have jaws and two pair of paired fins; body covered in scales; mouth is sub-terminal (under head); NO swim bladder (used to float in water) Additional sense: Electroreception 2 chambered heart; ectothermic Examples: sharks, skates, and rays |
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Class Osteichthyes
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"bony fish"
skeleton of bones; mouth is terminal; usually with swim bladders; gills covered in operculum; skin with mucous glands; lateral line (picks up vibrations); ectothermic; 2 chambered heart; oviparous w/ external fertilization in water Examples: trout, perch, flounder, eel, puffer, sea horse |
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Paired fins
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Pectoral and pelvic fins
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Class Amphibia
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"both lives"
limbs without claws; no scales; metamorphosis; young aquatic with gills; adults may be terrestrial with lungs; shelless eggs laid in water; Adult : 3 chambered heart; Larva: 2 chambered heart (tadpole); Ectothermic; external fertilization; Examples: frogs, toads, newts, salamanders, and mudpuppy |
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Cloaca
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common sewer
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Class Reptilia
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All have scales, limbs, and are oviparous w/ amniotic shelled eggs
Have "true" reptiles and avian reptiles( birds) Paired limbs no metamorphosis; no gills, only lungs |
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"True" Reptiles
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Claws on limbs; ectothermic; reptiles are oviparous; internal fertilization
3 chambered heart (partial divider); 4 chambered heart (2 atrium and 2 ventricles) in alligator and crocodile Lizards have eyelids and external ear openings and snakes don't (glass snake: legless lizard) Snakes use tongues sensory structure (smell) Reptiles best known for extinct members called dinosaurs ("terrible lizard") Examples: alligators, crocodiles, lizards, snakes |
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Poisonous snakes
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Pit Vipers: rattlesnakes, copperheads, cottonmouths. have pit w/ heat sensing organ to track bitten prey; (hematoxin)
Coral Snakes and Cobras: neurotoxin (more toxic; effects nerve system) |
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Why dinosaurs became extinct (3 reasons)
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1. Dramatic climate changes following asteroids striking our planet
2. Ice ages 3. Competition w/ birds and mammals that evolved |
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Avian Reptiles
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Skin covered with feathers; front limbs modified into wings; toothless beak; lungs w/ air sacs (uses 100% of air taken in); oviparous; 4 chambered heart; high metabolism; Endothermic (body temperature remains constant)
Examples: owls, hawks, sparrows, jays, finches, crows |
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Class Mammalia
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skin w/ hair; limbs modified w/ claws, nails or hoofs; viviparous or oviparous; endothermic; specialized teeth, highly developed cerebrum, usually 2 pairs of limbs; most with placenta, w/ exception of duckbilled platypus (oviparous)
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Parasitic tapeworm
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Platyhelminthes
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Human roundworm
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Nematoda
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Scallops
oysters squid snails |
Mollusca
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Sponges
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Porifera
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earthworm
leeches |
Annelida
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Crayfish
Any insect |
Arthropoda
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Hydra
jellyfish |
Cnidaria
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Sandollar
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Echinodermata
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lancelet
perch snake human |
Chordata
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Amniotic Egg
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Blastopore
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1st opening that forms
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Deuterostome
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"2nd mouth"
blastopore forms anus echinodermatas and chordata are dueterostomes |
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Protosome
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"1st mouth"
blastopore forms mouth |
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Oviparous
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"egg layers"
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Ovoviviparous
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"egg retainers"
can lay eggs in body cavity |
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viviparous
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"true live birth"
have umbilical cord |
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Crayfish
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Evolutionary tree
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monoecious
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having both female and male reproductive organs
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diecious
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reproductive organs in separate individuals
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