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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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allele
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one of two or more alternative forms of gene
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who is considered father of genetics
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gregor mendel
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homozygous
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possessing two identical alleles for a particular gene
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what is the difference between a monohybrid and a dihybrid
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a monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for a single character, whereas a dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters.
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genotype
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an individuals combination of alleles for a particular gene
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phenotype
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observable characteristics of an organism
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what is an incomplete dominance
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mode of inheritance in which a heterozygotes phenotype is intermediate between the phenotype of the two homozygotes ex: carnations
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what are sex chromosomes
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a chromosome that carries genes that genes that determine sex
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what two chromosomes create a male
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x and y
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Which sex (male or female) determines the sex of the offspring?
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male
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What are sex-linked genes
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describes genes or traits on the x or y chromosomes. ex: a gene whose locus is on the X or Y chromosomes
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What is Trisomy-21?
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mongolism: a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation.
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Define evolution.
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descent with modification; change in allele frequencies in a population over time
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differences between uniformitarianism and catastrophism
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Catastrophism -- Past Cataclysmic Activity
Catastrophism is the idea that many of Earth’s crustal features (strata layers, erosion, polystrate fossils, etc) formed as a result of past cataclysmic activity. In other words, the Earth’s surface has been scarred by catastrophic natural disasters. |
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What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection
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Natural selection is when genes are passed on naturally through animal intercourse. Artificial selection is when they are passed on unnaturally through human intervention examples would be breeding and artificial insemination.
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Does natural selection work on individuals or populations?
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populations
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What is an organism’s fitness?
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"Fitness" in ecological terms is used in conjunction with evolution. How fit an organism is determines how well it can survive in it's environment, and that the "fittest" (or best suited to their environment) will have an increased chance of surviving.
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Homeostasis
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the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external enviroment
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anatomy
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the study of organism structure
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physiology
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the study of the functions of organisms and thir parts
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What types of muscle push the food down the digestive track?
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digestive
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What is the synaptic cleft
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space into which neurotransmitters are released between two cells at a synape
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What does the medulla oblongata do?
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Medulla Oblongata is the lowermost portion of vertebrate brain, responsible for control of respiration, circulation
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What makes up the central nervous system
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The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous syste
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How many vertebrae does a human have in their backbone?
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33
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tendons
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band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
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sprains
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A sprain is an injury in a joint, caused by the ligament being stretched beyond its capacity. A muscular tear caused in the same manner is referred to as a strain.
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ligaments
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band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone across a joint
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What is osteoporosis?
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a disorder in which the bones become increasingly porous, brittle, and subject to fracture, owing to loss of calcium and other mineral components, sometimes resulting in pain, decreased height, and skeletal deformities: common in older persons, primarily postmenopausal women, but also associated with long-term steroid therapy and certain endocrine disorders
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Where are blood cells produced?
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in the bone marrow
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What make up the axial and appendicular skeletons?
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They are the two divisions of the skeletal system. The axial consists of the skull, vertebral column, sacrum, coccyx, ribs, and sternum. And, the appendicular skeletal system is composed of the bones of the arms and legs.
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What is a growth plate?
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The epiphyseal plate (or epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate) is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end
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kil
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A synthetic steroid hormone that resembles testosterone in promoting the growth of muscle. Such hormones are used medicinally to treat some forms of weight loss and (illegally) by some athletes and others to enhance physical performance
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What is the average person’s heartbeat per minute?
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60 t0 100
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What are the smallest blood vessels in the body?
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capillaries.
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capillaries
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tiny vessels that connects an arteriole with a venule
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What is olfaction
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The action or capacity of smelling; the sense of smell.
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Where does digestion begin and with what enzyme
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t begins through the mouth where the saliva breaks down the foo
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Function of the small intestine
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connects the stomach with the large intentine, site of most chemical digestion and absorption
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Function of the large intestine
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part of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the anus
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Liver and kidney function
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Liver: organ that produces bile, detoxifies blood, stores glycogen and fat-solube vitamins,synthesizes blood proteins, and monitors blood glucose level
kidney: excretory organ in the vertebrate urinary system |
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What is dialysis?
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The separation of particles in a liquid on the basis of differences in their ability to pass through a membrane.
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Why do dogs pant
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to cool the body
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What tube goes from the urinary bladder to exit the body?
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urethra
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Where is sperm made?
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testicles
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What is the function of the acrosome?
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to allow entry into the egg
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Where does the fetus develop
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The fetus develops within the uterus, a small hollow organ in the female abdominal cavity. This location is also commonly called the womb.
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What causes cervical cancer?
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s cancer of the entrance to the uterus
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What is menopause?
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The ceasing of menstruation.
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What is the SRY gene?
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SRY (Sex-determining Region Y) is a sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome in the therians (placental mammals and marsupials)..
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Ecosystem definition
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A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
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What does abiotic mean
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Physical rather than biological; not derived from living organisms.
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What are decomposers?
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An organism, esp. a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.
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What is a trophic level?
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Each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy
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