Biology Exam Iii

Front 1

Which of the following are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Back 1

ATP, NADPH, O2

Front 2

A respiration reaction which can proceed without oxygen is called:

Back 2

anaerobic respiration

Front 3

Chloroplasts contain disk-like membranous sacs arranged in stacks. The stacks are called:

Back 3

grana

Front 4

For each molecule of glucose converted to pyruvic acid:

Back 4

Two molecules of ATP are used and four are produced

Front 5

Chlorophyll reflects which color of light?

Back 5

green

Front 6

The final hydrogen acceptor in the noncyclic pathway of ATP (photosystem II) formation is:

Back 6

NADP+

Front 7

Photoautotrophs that use water as a source of electrons:

Back 7

increase the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere

Front 8

The variety of chlorophyll present in all green plants and required directly in photolysis (oxygen release) is:

Back 8

Chlorophyll-a

Front 9

Outside the body, sugar can catch fire and burn in an exergoic reaction. Inside the body, we also talk about burning sugar in an exergonic reaction, BUT it NEVER catches a body on fire. Why not?

Back 9

when sugar is lit on fire, all of the bonds are broken at once. When the body breaks down sugar, enzymes break down one bond at a time.

Front 10

Organisms that derive their chemical energy from the process of chemosynthesis (without light ever) may be found:

Back 10

deep ocean rifts

Front 11

The process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the air and attahed to organic molecules is called:

Back 11

carbon dioxide fixation or reduction

Front 12

Cyclic photophosporylation is called cyclic because:

Back 12

An electron leaving a chlorophyll molecule returns to it.

Front 13

The first event of photosynthesis is the:

Back 13

exiting of an electron from chlorophyll

Front 14

Which is a waste product of photosynthesis that is required for respiration?

Back 14

oxygen

Front 15

We often speak of "limiting factors" in biology; that is conditions or substances which limit the processes of biological system by absence or insufficient amount. Which of the following "factors" would NOT limit photosynthesis by suddenly disappearing?

Back 15

Free oxygen

Front 16

Which of the following statements is (are) true of pigments?

Back 16

A.) they absorb photons of specific wavelengths
B.) They absorb some photons
C.) They reflect some photons
D.) They absorb photons of specific colors
E.) All of these ***

Front 17

Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?

Back 17

Carbon dioxide and water (CO2 + H2O)

Front 18

Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?

Back 18

Carbon dioxide and water (CO2 + H2O)

Front 19

Photosystems are mainly:

Back 19

light-trapping molecules or pigment groups.

Front 20

What is the source of energy that probides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis?

Back 20

light energy or photons

Front 21

Which of the following occurs in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

Back 21

Glucose is produced after G3P is produced.

Front 22

IN the metabolism of glucose, almost all organisms first break down or split glucose into pyruvic acid in the set of reactions called:

Back 22

Glycolysis

Front 23

Which of the following has the most stored energy?

Back 23

glucose

Front 24

glycolysis starts and ends in the _________.

Back 24

cytoplasm

Front 25

Photosynthesis occurs in two major steps -- the lght reactions and:

Back 25

A.) Calvin-Benson cycle
B.) Light-independent reactions
C.) CO2 Fixation Cycle.
D.) Dark reactions
E.) All of these can be used ****

Front 26

The synthesis of ATP in both photosynthesis and respiration is essentially an oxidation process involving the transfer of high energy:

Back 26

Electrons

Front 27

During photosynthesis, which step is most responsible for a plants acquisition of new organic material (or carbon)?

Back 27

The "plucking" of one CO2 molecule from the air by a 5-carbon compound (RUBP)

Front 28

Air enters and leaves a plant leaf primarily through the:

Back 28

Stomata

Front 29

The functional role chylorophyll plays in photosynthesis is related to:

Back 29

The absorption of light

Front 30

Aerobic respiration is completed in the _______.

Back 30

mitochondrion

Front 31

Plant cells produce one molecule of O2:

Back 31

by splitting two molecules of water

Front 32

Almost all of the energy-requiring chemical reactions of the cell get their energy directly from:

Back 32

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Front 33

Excess glucose in most complex plants is stored as:

Back 33

starch

Front 34

ATP:

Back 34

A.)is made by all cells
B.) easily gives up phosphate groups
C.) primes stable molecules to react
D.) is the energy currency in the cells economy
E.) all of these ****

Front 35

In photosynthesis NADPH2 is created primarily during

Back 35

light reactions

Front 36

In the following reaction, which of the following is/are an example of an enzyme?

Lactose ------> glucose+galactose

Back 36

lactase

Front 37

photosynthesis is diveded in to the light phase and the

Back 37

synthesis phase

Front 38

Electron-transfer chains involve ______.

Back 38

A.) membranes in cells
B.) enzymes and energy carriers
C.) electron transfers
D.) all of the above *****
E.) none of the above

Front 39

Plants provide animals with which of the following?

Back 39

Glucose and Oxygen

Front 40

ATP is made during movement of electrons through the electron transport chain via a process called:

Back 40

phosphorylation

Front 41

During the Calvin cycle plants (dark reactions)

Back 41

fix CO2 into sugar (glucose)

Front 42

The only part of a green plant that is actually green is the:

Back 42

grana of chloroplasts

Front 43

Autotrophs are organisms that:

Back 43

make their own foods using inorganic energy sources

Front 44

The main function of cyclic photophosphorylation (photosystem I) in photsynthesis is to:

Back 44

produce ATP

Front 45

Photosynthesis consists of essentially two biological reaction systems (light reactions and light-independent reactions) following in sequence. Which of the following is characteristic of the dark (light-independent) reactions?

Back 45

Synthesize G3P then glucose

Front 46

Animals obtain their energy and carbon from:

Back 46

compounds produced by autotrophs

Front 47

Which of the following structures is not associated with chloroplasts?

Back 47

Cristae

Front 48

When NADP is converted into NADPH during photosynthesis, this is _______ reaction.

Back 48

a reduction

Front 49

Solar energy is trapped in ATP during which phase of photosynthesis?

Back 49

Light phase

Front 50

Which type(s) reactions of photosynthesis take place in the grana?

Back 50

the light

Front 51

You just purchased a really cool lamp that has a yellow-green plastic globe for a shade that surrounds the light bulb. You put a plant under the lamp, but it dies within a week. What has happened?

Back 51

The yellow-green light produced by the lamp cant be utilized for photosynthesis.

Front 52

Most of the photosynthesis in the world takes place:

Back 52

in the waters of the earth

Front 53

The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from:

Back 53

water

Front 54

in photosynthesis the light reactions must be connected to the CO2 reduction cycle by transfer of:

Back 54

A.) ATP
B.) NADPH 2
C.) Sugar
D.) CO2
E.) Both A and B****

Front 55

Maximum rates of photosynthesis are obtained with:

Back 55

A.) Red light only
B.) Blue light only
C.) Far red light only
D.) Green light only
E.) Both red and blue light supplied together ****

Front 56

Most of the useful energy released from glucose catabolism (respiration) is transferred to:

Back 56

ATP

Front 57

Which of the following will NOT serve as an energy source in respiration after you eat or drink?

Back 57

carbon dioxide

Front 58

If all the mitochondria were removed from the cells of green plant, which one of the following biochemical processes would immediately cease:

Back 58

respiration

Front 59

The yield of energy from anaerobic respiration:

Back 59

is less than from aerobic respiration

Front 60

During glycolysis what provides the initial energy of activation or source of start-up energy so that glycolysis can provide 4 ATPs?

Back 60

ATP

Front 61

Which of the following is an example of an electron carrier molecule?

Back 61

NADH

Front 62

During cellular respiration, where does electron transport specifically occur?

Back 62

inner mitochondrial membrane

Front 63

Which of the following functions as an electron acceptor in the citric acid cycle?

Back 63

FAD

Front 64

The role of water in photosynthesis is to:

Back 64

provide electrons and H+

Front 65

Where do most of the carbon atoms come from that make up a plants or animals tissues?

Back 65

CO2 from the air

Front 66

If you expose a photosynthesizing plant to water that contains both radioactive H and radioactive O, in which of the products of photosynthesis will the radioactive H and O show up?

Back 66

H in glucose and water; O in O2

Front 67

an electron transport chain for photoautotrophs is located in which of the following?

Back 67

chloroplasts

Front 68

Dark reactions (or light independent reactions) can be called "dark reactions" because

Back 68

they do not depend directly on sunlight as long as ATP and NADPH2 are available.

Front 69

Where in the process of photosynthesis is oxygen gas produced?

Back 69

during light capture

Front 70

the photosynthetic process where water is split and H+, e-, and O2 is given off is called:

Back 70

photolysis

Front 71

what is the source of the chemical energy that most cells on earth rely on?

Back 71

photosynthesis

Front 72

which of the following donate(s) phosphate and energy in the Calvin-Benson cycle?

Back 72

ATP

Front 73

Sugars are made in the organelle known as the:

Back 73

chloroplast

Front 74

in what form do plants store the energy captured by photosynthesis?

Back 74

sugars

Front 75

which of the following endings denotes an enzyme?

Back 75

-ase

Front 76

What product that is required by plants do animals produce during cellular respiration?

Back 76

CO2

Front 77

What is the purpose of a cuticle on a leaf?

Back 77

to prevent water loss

Front 78

What happens to the energy carriers made during the light reactions? They are used ____.

Back 78

to provide energy for the synthesis of sugar

Front 79

Electron transfer chains allow a series of controlled

Back 79

oxidation-reduction reactions.

Front 80

Which of the following can pick up electrons and deliver them to an electron transfer chain?

Back 80

NAD

Front 81

Every day a human must produce about ______ of ATP.

Back 81

40 lbs. or more

Front 82

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning an electron that has absorbed a photon?

Back 82

It becomes more stable and stays in its orbit

Front 83

Which of the following statements describes an electron transfer chain?

Back 83

it transfers energy, stepwise, from one compound to another.

Front 84

In certain organisms and under certain conditions _____ can be used as an energy alternative to glucose.

Back 84

A.) glycerol
B.) fatty acids
C.) amino acids
D.) None of the above
E.) All of the above ****

Front 85

During which part of photosynthesis is O2 created?

Back 85

O2 is a product in the light reactions

Front 86

Before photosynthesis evolved, ______ was rare in the earths atmosphere.

Back 86

O2

Front 87

The term "cycle" is used to describe the Calvin cycle because

Back 87

the process begins and ends with the same C5 molecule

Front 88

Which of the following occurs during the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?

Back 88

carbon dioxide is converted to chemicals that can be used to make sugars.

Front 89

Which of the following is NOT true of chlorophyll?

Back 89

it is found in mitochondria

Front 90

Suppose you are studying photosynthesis in a research lab. You grow your plants in a chamber with a source of water that has a radioactively labeled oxygen atom. What photosynthetic product will be radioactive?

Back 90

O2 gas

Front 91

If a molecule or compound gains electrons, it has been:

Back 91

reduced

Front 92

a leaf looks green because:

Back 92

leaf pigments reflect green light

Front 93

Pyruvate can be regarded as the end-product of:

Back 93

gylcolysis

Front 94

What is the name of the process by which reduced NAD+ transfers electrons to oxygen in respiration?

Back 94

electron transport phosphorylation or ETC

Front 95

During electron transport phosphorylation, which ions accumulate in the outer compartment of the mitochondria that will later produce ATP?

Back 95

hydrogen

Front 96

The ultimate or final electron acceptor of spent or tired electrons in aerobic respiration is:

Back 96

O2

Front 97

Under anaerobic conditions muscle cells produce

Back 97

lactic acid

Front 98

If fermentation follows gylcolysis:

Back 98

the two NADH molecules produced during glycolysis will (depending on the organism) be used to reduce pyruvate either lactate or ethanol and CO2. NAD must be recycled to do this.

Front 99

Lactate production in muscle cells is:

Back 99

A.) temporary
B.) due to oxygen deficiency
C.) an NAD regenerator
D.) A and B only
E.) A, B, and C *****

Front 100

When blood glucose levels derease (as between meals), what reserves or stored molecules are tapped first?

Back 100

glycogen

Front 101

Which of the following is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

Back 101

Release of energy