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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The inheritance of acquired characteristics is an idea most closely associated with who?
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Lamarck
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What is the ultimate source of genetic variation?
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Mutation
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Natural selection is best defined as?
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The survival and reproduction of the best adapted individuals
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The first step in allopatric speciation is what?
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Geographic separation of segments of the population
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What are pre-mating isolating mechanisms?
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ecological isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation
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The formation of a new plant species as a result of hybridization and polyploidy is an example of what?
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Sympatric speciation
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What is an example of adaptive radiation?
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The forelimbs of dogs, bats and whales (same components)
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Which of the following is the best example of convergent evolution?
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Fins of fish, dolphins and sea turtles
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Homologous structures are associated with?
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Adaptive radiation
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Modern absolute dating methods have determined that the age of the earth is about?
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4.6 billion years
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Extra nipples in human beings would be an example of?
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An atavistic trait
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Which of the following traits is not found in the human skulls?
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A diastema
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What is an example of a polymer?
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Starch
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A specific sequence of amino acids in a protein represents its?
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Primary stucture
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What is the function of glucose?
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Basic building block, energy transport in animals, joins with fructose to form sucrose
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Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by?
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Reducing the amount of energy required for chemical reactions
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The three dimensional shape of a protein, which determines its function, is represented by its?
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Either tertiary or quaternary structure
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What is the mitosis result in?
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2 cells that are genetically identical
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Where does fertilization occur in human beings?
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In the uterine tubes
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During which of the stages of cell division do chromosomes separate to opposite sides of the cell?
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Anaphase
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What is Mendel's principle of independent assortment?
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Refers to the fact that one gene does not influence the distribution of other genes
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Which of the stages of prenatal development is most critical for the proper development of the fetus?
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Embryonic
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During which of the stages of labor discussed in class is the baby born?
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Second stage
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Epistasis is a gene interaction in which?
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one gene inhibits the expressions of another gene
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The purpose of 'crossing over' is to?
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Increase genetic diversity
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Which of the following organs is the first to begin development in an embryo?
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Nervous system
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Sex-linked traits?
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Are almost always controlled by genes located on the X chromosome
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Metabolic disorders resulting from point mutations involve?
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Enzymes
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Pleiotropy is a gene interaction in which?
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One gene produces more than one phenotype
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Consanguineous unions?
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Do not affect the rate of mutations
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Viruses belong to which of the following kingdoms of life?
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Viruses aren't living things they do not belong to a kingdom
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Bacteria belong to which of the following kingdoms of life?
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Bacteria!
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Which of the following is composed of prokaryotic cells?
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Bacteria
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Recessive alleles?
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Are generally non-functional and are not expressed in individuals with the heterozygous genotype
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Which of the following is the outermost living portion of a cell?
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Cell membrane
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A single-celled eukaryotic, heterotrophic organism would belong to which kingdom?
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Protista
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Where are amino acids linked together to form proteins?
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At the ribosome
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ATP molecules are most efficiently produced in the?
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Mitochondria
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Which of the following is the correct formula for photosynthesis?
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Carbon dioxide and water are converted to sugar and oxygen
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Which of the following processes occurs at the ribosome?
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Translation
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The main physical structure of the cell membrane is composed of?
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Phospholipids
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The test cross is used to?
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Find the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype
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A protein composed of 300 amino acids would be coded for by a gene containing how many nucleotides?
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900
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When proteins are being synthesized, DNA is in what form?
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Chromatin
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Point mutations?
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Are acidental changes in the genetic code at one nucleotide, can be in induced by ultraviolet light or radiation
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