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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the cytoplasm? |
To protect the organelles |
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What is the process of the cytoplasm? |
During cell division--Cytokinesis |
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What is the structure of the cytoplasm? |
A jelly like substance |
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Where is the cytoplasm located? |
Inside of the cell |
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What types of cells are the cytoplasm located in? |
Found in all cells |
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What is the function of the nucleus? |
Contains DNA, controls cell activities, nucleolus makes ribosomes. |
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What is the process of the nucleus? |
Cell division |
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What is the structure of the nucleus? |
Round/oval, bound by double membrane with pores (nuclear pores), may contain 1 or more nucleoli. |
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Where is the nucleus located? |
Cytoplasm |
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What types of cells is the nucleus located in? |
Not prokaryote. Both plant/animal. |
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What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? |
Rough: modifies protein Smooth: produces lipids for membrane |
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What is the structure for the ER? |
tubular network, rough ER has ribosomes attached. |
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Where is the ER located? |
Attached to the nuclear or cell membrane. |
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What type of cells is the ER located in? |
Not prokaryote. Both plant/animal. |
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What is the function of the ribosomes? |
To make proteins |
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What is the process of the ribosomes? |
protein synthesis |
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What is the structure of the ribosomes? |
No membrane. (Has 2 subunits) |
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Where are the ribosomes located? |
Outside rough ER; in cytoplasm |
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What types of cells have ribosomes? |
Found in ALL cells |
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What is the function of the Golgi body? |
Sorts, packages, ships proteins in vessels throughout or our of the cell. |
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What is the structure of the Golgi body? |
stack of flattened sacs (stack of pancakes) |
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Where is the Golgi body located? |
Near the ER. |
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What types of cells have a Golgi body? |
Eukaryote cells ONLY. Plant have many, animal have few. |
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What is the function of the cell membrane? |
regulates what enters and exits cell. Holds organelles inside of cell. |
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What is the process of the cell membrane? |
Diffusion (moving high concentration to low concentration) |
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What is the structure of the cell membrane? |
Flexible: no specific shape; selectively permeable; fluid layers. |
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Where is the cell membrane located? |
Around the outside of the cell |
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What type of cells have a cell membrane? |
ALL |
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What is the function of the lysosomes? |
Digest food; old cells parts and waste |
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What is the structure of a lysosome? |
Small/round with single membrane sacs (vesicles) contain enzymes (chemical speeds up chemical reaction) |
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What types of cells contain a lysosome? |
Both plant/animal. |
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Where are the lysosomes located? |
In the cytoplasm |
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What is the function of the vacuoles? |
Storage |
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What is the structure of a vacuole? |
Membrane bound sac. Little/no internal structure. |
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Where is the vacuole located? |
Center and large- Plant cell In cytoplasm and small- Animal cell |
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What types of cells have a vacuole? |
Plant and Animal cells |
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What is the function of the mitochondria? |
produce energy (breaking down glucose molecules, ATP) |
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What is the process of the mitochondria? |
Cellular respiration |
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What is the structure of the mitochondria? |
own DNA, 2nd largest, more folds means more energy produces, DNA is from the mom. |
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Where is the mitochondria located? |
Cytoplasm |
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What types of cells have mitochondria? |
Not prokaryotes; both plant and animal. |
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What is the function of the cell wall? |
Provides support and protection, and helps maintain shape. |
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What is the structure of the cell wall? |
Shape of cell, made of cellulose, rigid, and strong. |
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Where is the cell wall located? |
Outside plant cells and surrounds the cell membrane. |
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What types of cells have a cell wall? |
Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria. |
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What is the function of the chloroplast? |
Make food |
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What is the process of the chloroplast? |
Photosynthesis |
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What is the structure of the chloroplast? |
Has own DNA. |
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What types of cells have chloroplasts? |
Plants and algae |
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Where is the chloroplast located? |
Cytoplasm; near the cell membrane |
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What is the function of the centrioles? |
Help cell with cell division |
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What is the process of the centrioles? |
Mitosis and Meiosis |
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What is the structure of the centrioles? |
Small set of microtubules, 2 centrioles are adjacent usually right angles. |
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Where are the centrioles located? |
Found near nucleus (only visible during cell division) |
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What types of cells have centrioles? |
Animal cells only |
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What is the function of the flagellum/cilia? |
Movement |
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What is the structure of flagellum and cilia? |
Flagellum: like whip/long hair Cilia: like tiny tubes around cell |
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Where is the flagellum and cilia located? |
Outside of the cell |
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What type of cells have a flagellum/cilia? |
Plant and animal cells |
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What are the two types of organisms? |
Unicellular and multicellular |
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Describe a unicellular organism |
-An organism that is only one cell. -The one cell is responsible for all living processes of the organism. -Example: bacteria |
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Describe a multicellular organism |
-Organisms composed of more than one cell. -Cells are specialized (carry out specific functions). -Complex organisms -Example: human |
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What is cell specialization? |
Process by which cells throughout a multicellular organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks. Examples: Red blood cells- transport oxygen Muscle cells- Allow movement Stomata- Allow gas exchange |
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Give some characteristics of all living things? |
-Made of cells -Contain similar chemicals -Grow and develop -Respond to surroundings -Reproduce |
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What is the hierarchy of living things? (from smallest to largest) |
-Cell -Tissue -Organ -Organ system -Organism |
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Define cell |
Smallest part of an organism that carries on the functions of life |
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Define tissue |
Group of similar cells that perform the same function. Four types: Muscle, Nerve, Connective, and Epithelial. |
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Define organ |
Structure composed of different tissues in which performs a specific job. Example: stomach, heart, brain, and lungs. |
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Define organ systems |
Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function Example: circulatory, digestive, immune, and skeletal. |
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What is the cell theory? |
-All living things are made of cells -Cells are basic units of structure and function in living things. -New cells are produced from existing cells. |
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Give some characteristics of a prokaryote cell. |
-Small -Simple: some contain few internal organelles -No nucleus -Genetic material floats in cytoplasm -Unicellular organisms Example: Bacteria |
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Give some characteristics of a eukaryote cell. |
-Large -Complex: many internal organelles -Highly specialized -Has nucleus and genetic material -Unicellular or multicellular Example: plants, animals, fungi, and protists. |
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Information to know on the chloroplast |
The chloroplast allows plants to harvest energy from sunlight to carry on a process known as photosynthesis. Specialized pigments in the chloroplast (including the common green pigment chlorophyll) absorb sunlight and use this energy to combine carbon dioxide and water and make glucose and oxygen. |
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Label the chloroplast |
(disregard the lumen) |
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Information to know on the mitochondria |
Break down the chemical bonds of glucose to release energy. Aerobic Cellular respiration (process) releases energy for the cell. The more active a cell the more mitochondria it will have. The more cristea the more energy produced due to the folds increasing surface area. ATP- the energy molecule of the cell |
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Label the mitochondria |
(disregard DNA) |
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Information to know on the cell membrane |
Forms a barrier between the cytoplasm inside and the environment outside. Regulates what enters/exits the cell and provides protection and support. Said to be selective permeable. Phospholipids are composed of a phosphate group and 2 chains of lipids. Protein molecules cross the bilayer and make a passageway that let ions and molecules in and out of the cell. |
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What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport? |
Facilitated diffusion: when ions and molecules use a protein molecule to cross the cell membrane based on concentration. (where materials are helped across the cell membrane based on concentration direction). Active transport: when ions and molecules require energy to membrane based on concentration direction. |
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Label phospholipid |
Hydrophilic head- phosphate head (likes water) Hydrophilic tail- 2 chains of lipids (fears water) |
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Information to know about the nucleus |
The nucleus is a double membrane organelle of eukaryotic cells. Where cell division occurs. A chromatin doesn't begin to coil until cell division occurs. The nucleus controls the activity of the cell. The nucleolus is responsible for producing ribosomes. |
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Label the nucleus |
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