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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ribosomes
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makes proteins
houses RNA |
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Cytoplams
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holds organelles in the cell
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Eukaryotes
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membrane bound organelles
younger cell unicellular+multicellular |
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Nucleolus
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produces ribosomes
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rough and smooth E.R.
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rough-moves lipids and ribosomes
smooth-makes and moves lipids |
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Peroxisomes
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produces hydrogen peroxide
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Prokaryotes
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no membrane bound organelles
older than eukaryotes has nucleus,ribosomes, and cytoplasm |
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cell wall
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stables the cell and connects it with other cells
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chloroplats
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uses light energy to make carbs from CO2
only in plant cells |
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cell membrane
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acts as a barrier between cell and enviroment
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vesicle
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membrane bound sac that hold substances
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mitochondria
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makes ATP
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golgi apparatus
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packages and ships things throughout cell
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lysosomes
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digestive enzymes
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nucleus
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brain of the cell
stores DNA |
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lipid bilayer
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makes up cell membrane
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chloresterol in a cell membrane
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makes membrane semirigid which stabalized the phospholipids
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gap functions
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in animal cells, connect cells and allows for chemical messengers to pass
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phospholipid
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make up cell membran bilayer
hydophilic head and hyrophobic fatty acid tails |
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endocytosis
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large molecules entering the cell by a vesicle
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Robert Brown
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said eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus
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osmotic pressure
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increased water pressure due to osmosis
*cells can dir if placed in a hypotonic enviroment * organisms w/cell wall become turgid because water enters |
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Robert Hooke
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used a microscope to study cork
-called them cells |
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Schleiden+ Schwann
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Schleiden-observed plants and said all plants have cells
Schwann-observed animals and said all animals composed of cells |
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Channel proteins
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specific substances only let in a particular molecule, in a membrane
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isotonic
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solutions are in an equilibrium
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Sodium potassium pump
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pumps sodium ions(Na+) our of cell and brings potassium ions(K+) in
*as sodium leave it creates a concentration difference so they will fuse back in, when this happens it brings in sugars for food *active transport |
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plasmodesmata
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channels that connect cells in plant cells
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exocytosis
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large molecules exiting the cell by a vesicle
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solute
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a substance being dissolved into another
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Disaccharides
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many monosaccharides connected together by a condensation reaction
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Hydrogen bond
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a bond between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative oxygen atom
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Fats
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lipids that store energy
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lipids use in the body
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insulation,protection of organs, and long term energy
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lipids
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made up of chains of molecule called fatty acids
-C,H,O |
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Fatty acid
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long chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms
-make up lipids |
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diffusion
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tendency of molecules to move from areas of high concentration to low concentration
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Bases
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compounds that take H+ from solutions and have a pH more than 7-14
-bitter,slippery |
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Catalyst
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something that speeds up a reacton
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Temperature effect on enzyme activity
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breaks or strenghens enzymes bonds
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chemical reaction
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the making or breaking of a bond
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enzymes
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a catalyst that is a protein
-end in "ase" |
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phagocytosis
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food particles entering a cell
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activation energy
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energy that starts a reaction
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adhesion
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water and a substance interacting
ex. water and clothes washing |
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Carbs in the human body
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provide short term energy
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Nucleic Acids in the body
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the genetic code for all life-DNA
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4 elements that make up 96% of living things
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carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen
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condenstation synthesis
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OH+H coming together from a monosacharide to make H2O
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proteins in the body
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collagen, enzymes, helps build and maintain muscles
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polypeptide
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polymer- alot of amino acids/protein
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carbohydrates
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sugars that end in -ose
composed of C,H,O |
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monosaccharide
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simple sugars usually C6H12O6 in a hexagonal arrangement
-carbs |
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facilitated diffusion
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molecules pass into or out of cells via channel proteins
passive transport |
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passive transport
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moving molecules into or out of cell without using ATP
*diffusion |
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solvent
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substance that dissolves the solute
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capillary action
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where molecules follow on another
*food coloring |
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condensation reaction
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when two monomers are joined together
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Amino acids
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building blocks of proteins
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pH on enzymes
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causes bonds to break, inefficiency
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hydrophobid/non polar
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fear of water
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cohesion
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water and water atract
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4 compounds that provide raw material for life
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carbohydrates,proteins,nucleic acids, and lipids
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ionic bond
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where an atom completely strips an electron from another atom
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ion
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a postive or negative charged atom
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Nucleic acids
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long chain of nucleotides
-C,H,O,N,P |
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hypotonic
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solution with a lower concentration of solutes
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Cell theory
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1.All living things composed of cells
2.all cells come from prexinting cells 3.cells are the basic units of life |
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cell fractionation
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seperating cells to study organelles
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polar molecule
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dissolves in water
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RNA
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a strand of nucleotides
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DNA
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two strands of nucleotides
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covalent bond
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where two atoms share a valence electron
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hydrolosis reaction
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when a disaccharide is broken apart
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triglyceride
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fatty acids linked together
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water
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70% of oragnisms
helps transporst materials |
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saturated fat
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all carbons in the chain are bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms
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Acids
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compounds that release H+ into solutions and have a ph between 0+7
-sour,conduct electircity |
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Marker protein
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identification tags-
-a type of integral protein |
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integral protein
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extend all the way through the membrane, serve as channels
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peripheral proteins
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loosely bound to the surface
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collagen
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most abundant protein in the body
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proteins
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chains of amino acids
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Active transport
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transporting molecules through the membrane using ATP
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hypertonic
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higher concentration of solute than solvent
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intercellular joining
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allows two cells to join together
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Anton van Leeuwenhook
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used a simple light microscope to study pond water
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Rudolph Virchow
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all cells come from pre existing cells
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osmosis
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diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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