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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3' end of DNA
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The end of a DNA or RNA strand that has a free hydroxyl group at the 3' carbon of the sugar(deoxyribose or ribose)
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5' end of DNA
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The end of a DNA or RNA strand that has a free phosphate group at the 5' carbon of the sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
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Alpha Helix
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A prevalent type of secondary protein structure; a right-handed spiral
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Chromosomal Mutation
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Loss of or changes in position/direction of a DNA segment on a chromosome.
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Chromosome
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The DNA molecule that contains most or all of the genetic information of the cell or virus.
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Deletion
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A mutation resulting from the loss of a continuous segment of a gene or chromosome. Such mutations never revert to wild type.
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Deoxyribose
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A five-carbon sugar found in nucleotides and DNA.
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DNA
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The fundamental hereditary material of all living organisms. A nucleic acid using deoxyribose rather than ribose.
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Excision Repair
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The removal and damaged DNA and its replacement by the appropriate nucleotides.
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Frame-Shift Mutation
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A mutation resulting from the addition or deletion of one or two consecutive base pairs in the DNA sequence of a gene, resulting in misreading mRNA during translation and production of a nonfunctional protein.
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Gene
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A unit of heredity. Used here as the unit of genetic function which carries the information for a single polypeptide or RNA.
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Mutagen
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Any agent (e.g., chemicals, radiation) that increases the mutation rate.
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Mutation
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a detectable, heritable change in the genetic material not caused by recombination.
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Nucleoside
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A nucleotide without the phosphate group.
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Nucleotide
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The basic chemical unit in a nucleic acid. A nucleotide in RNA consists of one of four nitrogenous bases linked to ribose, which in turn is linked to phosphate. In DNA, deoxyribose is present instead of ribose.
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Okazaki Fragments
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Newly formed DNA making up the lagging strand in DNA replication. DNA ligase links Okazaki fragments together to give a continuous strand.
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Point Mutation
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A mutation that results from a small, localized alteration in the chemical structure of a gene; can revert to wild type.
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Purine Base
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One of the types of nitrogenous bases. The purines adenine and guanine are found in nucleic acids.
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Pyrimidine Base
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A type of nitrogenous base. The pyrimidines cytosine, thymine, and uracil are found in nucleic acids.
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Semi-Conservative Replication
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The way in which DNA is synthesized. Each of the two partner strands in a double hielix acts as a template for a new partner strand. Hence, after replication, each double helix consists of one old and one new strand.
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Somatic Mutation
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Permanent genetic change in a somatic cell. These mutations affect the individual only; they are not passed on to offsping.
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