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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biology |
scientific study of life |
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properties of life |
-order -reproduction -growth/development -energy processing -regulation -response to environment -evolutionary adaptation |
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hierarchy of life |
-bioshere -ecosystem -community -population -organism -organ system -organ -tissue -cell -organelle -molecule |
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competition emerges at |
population |
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nutrient cycling emerges at |
ecosystem |
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life emerges at |
cell |
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structure and functional unit of life |
cell |
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bacteria and protists |
single-celled organisms |
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cells... |
-enclosed by membrane that regulates things going into and out of cell -use DNA |
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cell can |
-regulate -use energy -respond -organize -reproduce |
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prokaryotic |
-first to evolve -simpler -smaller -no nucleus |
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eukaryotic |
-nucleus -found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists |
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modeling dynamic behavior |
systems biology attempts to understand emergent properties |
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organisms interact with the environment by |
exchanging matter/energy |
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organism-organism interactions |
predator-prey |
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organism-physical factors |
lion drinks from stream |
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organism-terrestrial ecosystems |
producers-plant consumers-animals decomposers-rescyclers |
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nutrients/chemicals ______ through ecosystem |
recycle |
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energy ______ through ecosystem |
flows |
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unity of life based on |
DNA |
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genes |
-transmit information from parents to offspring through inheritance -arranged on long strands of DNA called chromosomes |
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genome |
all the genes in an organism |
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3 domains of life |
-bacteria -archaea -eukarya |
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bacteria |
-prokaryote -most diverse |
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archaea |
-prokaryote
-extreme environments |
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eukarya |
-eukaryote -single-celled protists -multicellular plants,animals,fungi |
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evolution |
process of change that has transformed life on earth |
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fossil record documents |
-earth is 4 1/2 billion yrs old -pattern of ancestry |
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darwin |
-natural selection -"decent with modification" |
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individual variation |
individuals in a population vary in their traits passed on from parent to offspring |
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overproduction of offspring |
population produces far more offspring than the environment can support |
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unequal reproductive success |
individuals with traits best suited to the environment more likely to survive |
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accumulation of favorable traits over time |
an increasing proportion of individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits |
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alteration of species |
numerous small changes in a population over many generations |
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science attempts to describe |
physical universe |
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scientists |
-make observations -form hypothesis -test them |
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qualitative data |
-descriptive -snowy owls are white |
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quantitative data |
-numerical measurements -snowy owls weigh between 1.6 and 3 kg |
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inductive reasoning |
broad observation to small |
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deductive reasoning |
small observation to broad |
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law |
description of a pattern in nature |
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theory |
attempts to explain why the law happens |
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experimental group |
the group receiving the treatment |
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control group |
doesn't receive treatment |
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experimental variable |
independent variable |
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dependent variable |
effect we are measuring |
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artificial selection |
humans selectively breed plants and animals in the process of artificial selection to produce.. -more productive crops -better livestock |
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humans unintentionally cause |
-antibiotic-resistant bacteria/pests |
