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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True Breeding
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if bred with self, offspring are identical to parents
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genome
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total amount of DNA
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chromosome
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the package of DNA, set number in cells
before condensing, they are in form of a long thin chromatin fiber |
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chromatin
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complex of DNA and proteins,
chromosomes are made of these |
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gametes
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reproductive cells, haploid, fuse with another to make a zygote
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sister chromatids
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each contain an identical DNA molecule, attached at the centromere
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Principle of Segregation
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for each trait, every person has two alleles that would seperate into each gamete
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Homologous Pair of chromosomes
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2 chromosomes that have genes for same thing at same place (loci)
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Monomorphic
Polymorphic |
-population with all same trait for a character
(ie. all same color) -population with many variations |
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gene
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unit of heriditary info, specific suquence of DNA
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Binary Fission
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reproduction in prokaryotes; one strand of DNA that duplicates then moves to ends of cell
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Tetrad
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group of four chromatids, pair of homologous chromosomes
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Rule of Independent Assortment
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Depending on how they line up along plate, each allele has a different possibilty to make a gamete
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chiasma
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the site of crossing over
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recombinant chromosomes
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individual chromosomes that carry genes from two different parents
(result of crossing over) |
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sex-linked trait
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allele travels on the x chromosome
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wildtype
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the normal, denoted +
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Recombinant phenotypes
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phenotypes with a characteristc from mom and dad, result from crossing over
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recombination frequency
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#recombinants/ #total offspring
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linked genes
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genes on the same chromosome, and their recombination frequency is less than 50%
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Dosage Compensation
Barr Body |
females have double the genes because two Xs, they have to turn one off = Barr Body
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Nondisjunction
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homologous pairs don't seperate properly
-in meiosis I -sister chromatids don't in meiosis II |
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Aneuploidy
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a cell with abnormal number of chromosomes
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trisomic
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having 3 copies of a particular chromosome
2n+1 |
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monosomic
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having 1 copy of a particular chromosome
2n-1 |
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Klinefelter Syndrome
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XXY people will be male appearance, but sterile
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Turner's syndrome
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XO people will be girls
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polyploidy
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having an additional set of chromosomes
23, 46, 69, keep adding sets |
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incomplete dominance
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equally expressed, usually the heterozygous is a different phenotype
(intermediate) |
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codominance
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3 different phenotpes, not intermediate
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Pleiotrophy
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a gene can affect the phenotypes in many ways (sickle cell)
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Epistasis
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a gene at one locus alters the expression of a gene at another locus
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polygenic trait
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phenotype is due to additive effects
continuous variation |
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Norm of reaction
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phenotypic range for a genotype, due to enviromental effects
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