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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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describe asexual reproduction and give examples
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-single parent creates 2 clones
-no meiosis, no gamete fuse, 1. budding- small part of parents body separates and forms new offspring (sponges & cnidarians) 2. Fragmentation- parent breaks up into separate pieces and those pieces form new offspring(sea star) 3. parthenogenesis-unfertilized egg develops into an adult animal(insects and crustaceans) |
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describe the sperm
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male parent
small motile flagellated |
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describe the egg/ovum
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female parent
large non motile has nutrients for the fetus |
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what are some advantages of sexual reproduction
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genetic variation
genetic recombination increase variation increase survival |
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disadvantages of sexual reproduction
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if offspring isn't viable
if the organism is sessil, its hard to find a mate |
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describe hermaphroditism and what is special about it?
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have both male and female repro organ
self fertilizing ** usually hermaphrodites will still look for ways to cross fertilize first before resulting to self fertilization** |
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describe sequential hermaphroditism and give examples of organisms that do that
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individuals reverse sex during lifetime.
1. protogynous- female first & then male 2. protandrous- male first then female (wrasses and harems) |
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what is the function of the male reproductive system?
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1. spermatogenesis
2. deliver sperm to the female repro track |
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where in the testes does spermatogenesis occur?
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spermatogenesis occurs in the semniferous tubules
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what does the interstitial cells scattered between the semniferous tubules do?
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produce testosterone and other sex hormones
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what is the epididymis in charge of?
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1. transport sperm -20 days
2. maturation of sperm 3. storage of sperm at the tail |
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what two vital organs are found in the scrotum and why is the scrotum necessary?
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the testes and the epydidymis are found in the scrotum
sperm needs area 1-2 degrees cooler temp. affects sperm production and longevity |
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describe the mechanism of temperature regulation via the pampiniform plexus
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the testicular artery and vein coil around each other. warm arterial blood is near the cool blood of the vein exchange heat and cool the testicular blood
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describe muscle function in the scrotum/ testes
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warm temperature- relaxed- testes decent
cold temperature- contract- testes closer to body |
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what tube is the sperm propelled through during ejaculation?
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vas deference
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where can you find the vas deference(sperm ducts)
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it externds from each epydidymis and sperm and extends from scrotum into pelvic cavity
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where can we find the ejaculation duct
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it passes through the prostate gland and joins with the urethra
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what is the job of the urethra
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carries urine and semen through penis
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what is the job of the first of the 2 bulbourethral gland
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deposit semen into the urethra at the time of arousal
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what is the bulbourethral fluid?
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mucus for lubrication
has some semen even before ejaculation |
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what are the three erectile tissue
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2 cavernous bodies and 1 spongy body
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describe the process of an erection/sexual stimulation
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parasympathetic nerves release nitric oxide which causes smooth muscles of the arterial wall to relax. Arteries dilate/ expand and compress the veins thus more blood rushes in erectile tissue faster that leaves
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what local regulator production is stimulated by viagra
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Nitric oxide
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where can you find the glands penis
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tip of penis
has sensory nerves |
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where can you find the prepuce and what is it?
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foreskin-loose fitting skin
removed during circumcision |
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what are the three accessory sex glands that secrete sperm and fluid
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1. seminal vesicles
2. prostate gland 3. bulbourethral glands |
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what fluids do the seminal vesicles produce?
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1. fructose- energy for the sperm
2. prostiglandins- stimulate contractions of female uterus and move the sperm up female repro track |
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where does the seminal vesicles secrete fructose into
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vas deference
60% of total sperm volume |
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what pigment does the fructose secreted by the seminal vesicles floresce ?
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yellow
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what fluid is produced by the prostate gland and what is it's purpose in reproduction?
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alkeline fluid
it neutralizes the acidic environment in the vagina so the sperm could survive |
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what test has to be done to check for prostate cancer
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PSA- prostate specific antigen test
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what is the pathway of the sperm
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seven up
semniferous tubules- epididymous- vas deference-ejaculation duct-urethra-release from body |
