Exam 3 Anatomy Lecture 30: Male Reproduction

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EXAM 3 ANATOMY LECTURE 30: MALE REPRODUCTION

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EXAM 3 ANATOMY LECTURE 30: MALE REPRODUCTION

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Where does spermiogenesis take place?

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Seminiferous tubules

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What is the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules?

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Sustentacular or Sertoli cells

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Function of the Interstitial cells

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Adjacent to the seminiferous tubules.

Produce testosterone in presence of LH.

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Epithelium of the epididymis?

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Columnar

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Char of epididymis:

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1. stereocila (long microvilli)
2. smooth muscle wall

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Role of epididymis:

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Storage of sperm and ejaculant.

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Epithelium of the ductus deferens:

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Columnar

NOTE: 3 layers of smooth muscles.

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Char of ductus deferens

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"carrying -away vessel"

Transport sperm from the epididymis.

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Functions of the ductus deferens:

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During ejaculation, the smooth muscles contract propelling the sperm forward.

Sperm is transferred from vas deferens into urethra collecting secretions from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral.

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Function of Prostate

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Store and secrete alkaline fluid, milky or white in appearance.

25-30% of volume of semen.

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Epithelium of prostate:

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Cuboid to columnar

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Gubernaculum Testis

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Arises from the lower gubernaculum.

Gubernaculum aids in the descent of the gonads (testes and ovaries).

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Testicular descent

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1. protrusion of the peritoneum and the beginning of the descent into the inguinal canal.
2. Formation of the vaginal process. Enters with the testis into inguinal canal.
3. vaginal process lengthens while gubernaculum shortens, thereby drawing testis, the deferent duct downward.
4. 9th month of pregnancy: testes reach the scrotum. Vaginal process forms now a bilaminar structure on the front side of the testis.

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Inguinal hernia

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Protrusion of abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.

Occurs ABOVE the inguinal ligament.

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Femoral hernia

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Occurs just below the inguinal ligament.

Abominal contents pass thru a naturally occuring weakness called the femoral canal.

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Direct inguinal hernia

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Occur MEDIAL to the inferior epigastric vessels.

Abdominal contents herniate through SUPERFICIAL inguinal ring.

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Indirect inguinal hernia

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Occur when ab contents protrude through the DEEP inguinal ring, LATERAL to the inferior epigastric vessels.

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Hesselbach's triangle

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aka inguinal triangle.

Contains the medial inguinal fossa where the DIRECT inguinal hernias occur.

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What are the boundaries of the Hasselbach's traingle?

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1. lateral border of rectus abdominis
2. inferior epigastric artery
3. inguinal ligament

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Function of the cremaster muscle

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To raise and lower the scrotum in order to regulate temp control.

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Which nerve participate in the cremaster reflex?

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1. ilioinguinal nerve
2. genital branch of genitofemoral

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Varicocele

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An abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus.

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Pampiniform plexus

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Function includes temperature regulation at 35 C.

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Lymph drainage of the testes:

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Follows the testicular artery back to the para-aortic lymph nodes.

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Lymph of the scrotum drains to?

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Superficial Inguinal lymph nodes.

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Testicular and ovarian vessels arise from?

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Arise from the abdominal aorta.

Right side into: IVC
Left side into: Left renal vein

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What are the functions of th Sertoli cells?

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1. support
2. phagocytosis
3. secretion
4. basal lamina to lumen
5. very durable
6. secrete inhibin (inhibits FSH)

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Spermatogenesis

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Process of producing mature male gametes, called sperms or spermatogonia.

Spermatogonia--> primary spermatocyte--> 2 secondary spermatocytes, and each--> 2 spermatids --> mature into spermatozoa (sperm cells).

Therefore, 1 primary spermatocyte--> 2 secondary spermatocyte--> 4 spermatids.

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What are the four phases of spermatogenesis?

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1. golgi phase
2. cap phase
3. acrosomal phase
4. maturation phase

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Describe the golgi phase:

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1. acrosome forms from enzymes created by the golgi apparatus
2. The other end, the mitochondria gather and the centrioles begins to form an axoneme.

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What's an acrosome?

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An organelle that develops at the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa.

In golgi phase.

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Describe the cap phase:

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Is the golgi apparatus surrounds the condensed nuclues to become the acrosomal cap.

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What's the germinal epithelium?

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The wall of the seminiferous tubule w/in the testes.

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Where does spermatogenesis occur?

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Semiferous tubules

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Efferent ducts

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Connect rete testis with the initial part of the epididymis.

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Rete testis

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Lies within the testis, and connected to efferent ducts.

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Histology of efferent ducts

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1. columnar
2. some cilia
3. some non cilia

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Histology of rete testis

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1. cuboid
2. microvilli
3. single cilium

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Epididymis

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1. long convoluted
2. smooth muscle wall
3. columnar
4. very long microvilli (stereocilia)

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Histology of ductus deferens

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1. columnar
2. 3 layers of muscle

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Ductus deferens

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Aka vas deferens-- "carrying away vessel"

Carry sperm from epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation.

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Histology of ductus deferens

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1. columnar
2. 3 layers of muscle

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Contents of seminal vesicle

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1. alkaline, viscid
2. fructose
3. prostaglandin

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Histology of seminal vesicle

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CT fibrous capsule

Columnar epi

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Bulbourethral gland

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Aka Cowper's gland

Produces clear viscous pre-ejaculate--> lubricates for semen to pass through urethra to neutralize the acidic urine inside the urethra.

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Prostate

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Produces:
1. milky acidic fluid
2. acid phosphatases
3. proteolytic enzymes

NOTE: it's a tubuloalveolar glands.

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Components of the urethra

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1. prostatic
2. membranous
3. penile

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Flow of semen

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1. seminiferous tubules
2. rete testis (cuboid)
3. efferent ductus (columnar)
4. epididymis (columnar)
5. ductus deferens (columnar)
6. seminal vesicle (columnar)
7. ejaculatory duct (columnar)
8. prostate (cuboid to columnar)