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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common themes
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Emergent Properties
Living things are organized interacting with environment structure correlates with function Cell is the basic unit of life Feedback Evolution |
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Properties of Living thing
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evolution adaption
DNA reproduction order responses to environment transferring energy regulation growth and development |
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Biology
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study of living things
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Evolution
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change in a population over time
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Order
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life is ordered
sunflowers will be the same every day predictable |
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Respond to the environment
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response to stimuli
reflexes to touch/moving for food |
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DNA
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genetic material of all living thing
everything has DNA |
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determinate development
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always growing, doesn't stop (not humans)
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energy processing/transformation
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taking in enegery but giving back a different form of energy
food (chemical energy) 》movement (mechanical energy) |
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evolution adaption
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changing due to changes in generation
change in population creating traits to survive and reproduce |
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Emergent Properties
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traits at a higher level of organization that can't be predicted based off of lower level of organization
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living things are organized
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different levels.
molecules 》organelles 》 cells 》tissue 》organs 》organism 》population 》 communities 》 ecosystem 》 biosphere |
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Interacting with environment
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tree taking in sun
giraffe eating tree |
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structure correlates to function
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function helps us see structure.
structure helps us see function birds have less dense wings to fly |
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the cell
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the cell is the basic unit of life that contains all the properties of life
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Positive Feedback
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an end product speeds up its own production
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Negative Feedback
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a loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus
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Order of the classifying life
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Domain
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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What are the three domains?
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Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
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what are the three kingdoms?
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Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi
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Charles Darwin
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wrote "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selectiong"
started the idea of Natural Selection |
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Natural Selection Steps
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1. Population with varied inherited traits
2. Elimination of individuals with certain traits 3. Reproduction of survivors 4. increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reproduction |
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Tree of life
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shows evolution and other species relating to another
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inductive reasoning
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specific observations to general
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deductive reasoning
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general to specific
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hypothesis
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tentative answer to a well framed question
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Theory
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much broader than hypothesis
general enough to spin off many new hypotheses generally supported by a much greater body of evidence |
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Model Organism
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a species that is easy to grow in the lab and leads itself particularly well to the questions being investigated
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element
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substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions
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compound
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substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
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essential elements
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elements that an organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce
20-25% of elements |
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ions
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any charged atom or molecule
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cation
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positive ion
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anion
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negative ion
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Potential energy
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stored energy
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Kinetic Energy
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energy of motion
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chemical reaction
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the bonds between atoms change but no atoms are created or destroyed
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most common elements
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Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
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2nd most common elements
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Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur
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Trace Elements
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elements required by an organism but only small quantities
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Atom
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the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
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Radioactive Isotopes
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nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy
some may lead to different number of protons which leads to a different element |
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Half-life
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the time it takes for 50% of the parent isotope to decay
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Radiometric dating
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process which scientists use to measure the ratio of different isotopes and calculate how many half life's (in years) have passed since an organism was fossilized or a rock was formed
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Energy
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the capacity to do work or change
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Potential Energy
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enegery the matter possess because of its location or structure
stored energy |
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Valance electrons
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Outer most electrons in the outermost shell
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Covalent bond
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sharing of a pair of valance electrons by two atoms
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nonpolar covalent bond
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sharing the electrons equally
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polar covalent bond
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the electrons are shared unequally
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Ions
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charged atoms
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Hydrogen Bond
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the attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom
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van Der Waals
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when the electrons get completely on one side of the atom while the other atom does the same to cause an attraction
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Chemical Reaction
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changed in the composition of matter
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Chemical Equilibrium
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the foward and reverse reaction occur at the same rate and off set each other
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cohesion
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holding a substance together
hydrogen bonds |
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adhesion
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clingy onto one substance or another
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thermal energy
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kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms
dependent on volume |
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temperature
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measure of energy that represents the average kinetic energy
independent of volume |
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heat
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thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another
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calorie
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amount of heat it tales to raise the temperature one gram of water by 1 Celsius
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joule
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equals .239 cal
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specific heat
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amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g to change 1 C
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heat of evaporation
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quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to gas state
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evaporate cooling
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the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy are the most likely to leave as a gas
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Aqueous solution
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one in which the solute is dissolved in water
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Hydration shell
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the sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion
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catalyst
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anything that will speed up a chemical reaction
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hydrophilic
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a substance that has an affinity for water
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base
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a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
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buffer
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substance that minimizes changes in the concentration oh H and OH in a solution
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ocean acidification
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when co2 disovlves in seawater, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers ocean pH
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