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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of microscope did we use in class? |
Compound Microscope |
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What is the coarse adjustment knob used for? |
Moving the stage up and down |
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How do you calculate magnification? |
10 x _ |
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How do you estimate cell size? |
Low power diameter convert to um |
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What are three parts of cell theory? |
All known living cells are made up of one or more cells, all living cells arise from pre-existing cell by division, The cell is the fundamental of structure and function in all living organisms. |
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What are two differences between plant and animal cells? |
Vacuole, chloroplast, cell, wall, lysosom. |
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What is the function of ribosomes? |
Creates protein. |
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What is the function of chloroplasts? |
Photosynthesis. |
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What is the function of lysosomes? |
Destroys unwanted materials. |
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What is the function of the cell membrane? |
Controls what goes in and out. |
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What is the function of the mitochondria? |
Powerhouse (makes sugar for energy) |
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What are two rules if biological diagrams? |
No shading (stipling) labels must be on the right. |
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What is the difference between passive and active transport? |
Passive transport doesn't use energy active does. |
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What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? |
The difference is that diffusion moves any chemical, osmosis refers to moving only water across the membrane. |
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What is the difference between a hypotonic and a hypertonic solution? |
Hypertonic solutions with high concentration of solution. Water flows in. Hypotonic solutions with a low concentration of solute water flows out of a hypotonic solution. |
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What does it mean to be isotonic? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. |
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What are two forms of bulk transport? |
Exocytosis and endocytosis. |
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What are the six elements needed for life? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. |
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What is the function of carbohydrates? |
Provide the body energy for psychical activity and the operation of internal organs. |
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Identify two monosaccarides |
Fructose glucose galactose. |
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Identify two polysaccarhides. |
Starch, cellulose and glycogen. |
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What are three functions of lipids? |
Protection insulation and giving cell membranes structure. |
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What is the difference between saturated fat and unsaturated fat? |
Saturated fats are straight and stack (margarine) unsaturated fats are bent causing them to be unable to stack. |
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What are proteins made from? |
Proteins consist of carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and nitrogen combined together. (Amino acids) |
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How many different amino acids are there? |
There are 20 different amino acids. |
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What is the function of an Enzyme? |
Acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions |
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What is the equation for photosynthesis? |
6C02+6H20->C6H1206+602 |
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What is the equation for cellular respiration? |
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What causes muscle cramps? |
Lactic acid. |
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What is the purpose of mitosis? |
growth, repair, replace. |
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What are the five stages of mitosis? |
Interphase prophase metaphase anaphase telephase. |
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During which stage does the genetic information duplicate? |
Interphase. |
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During which stage do chromosomes line up at the equator? |
Metaphase. |
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How many chromosomes are there in a somatic cell? |
46 |
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What is the purpose of meiosis? |
Reproduction. |
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How many divisions is there in meiosis? |
2. |
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What type of cells undergo meiosis? |
Reproductive. |
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What is the chromozone number in the resulting cells? |
23 |
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Who was Gregor mendel? |
A monk from Austria. |
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What plant did Gregor mendel study? |
The pea plant. |
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Why did Gregor mendel choose to study the pea plant? |
Commercially available, grows quickly. |
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What were the seven traits that Gregor Mendel examined? |
Pea shape, pea color, pod shape, pod color, flower color, plant size, position of flowers. |
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What is the difference between dominant and recessive? |
Dominant always show above recessive. |
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What is the principle of dominance? |
The principle of dominance is that you will only see the dominant trait. |
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What is the difference between phenotype and phenotype? |
phenotype is the psychical difference phenotype is the genetic difference |
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Does phenotype always lead to determination of Genotype? |
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What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous? |
Homo- same (2 genes) Hetero- different (1 gene) |
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What is an allele |
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What is a mono-hybrid cross? |
. |
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What is a pedigree? |
. |
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What does incomplete dominance mean? |
Means that both traits combine. |
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What does codominace mean? |
both traits exist at once. |
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List all the different possible blood types |
. |
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What are two sex chromosomes in men? |
/ |
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what are two sex chromosomes in women? |
. |
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is it more common for men or women to inherit x-linked traits? |
men because the mom passes the x. |
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What is a mistake involving the movement of chromosomes called?
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. |
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What are the two different categories of mutations? |
. |
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What is an example of a gene mutation? |
an extra chromsome or missing chromosome
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What chromosome is affected in down syndrome? |
Chromosome 21 |
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What are the seven levels of classification? |
Kingdom Pylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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What is the binomial nomenclature name for humans? |
. |
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Why are viruses not considered to be living? |
. |
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What is the most common viral shape? |
. |
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What is the name of the viral replication cycle? |
. |
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what the five steps to the viral replication cycle? |
. |
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What are the two bacterial kingdoms? |
Eu-bacteria and archaebacteria |
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What are three types of achaebacteria |
thermophile, halophile, methanogens |
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What are three uses for bacteria? |
. |
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What shape are coccus bacteria? |
Circlular. |
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What arrangement are strepto bacteria? |
chain. |
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Name three bacterial illnesses? |
. |
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how can bacterial infections be treated? |
antibiotics. |
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What was the name of the Ontario town with the outbreak of e.coli? |
Walkerton. |
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How do fungi reproduce? |
. |
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What is an example of zygospore fungi? |
. |
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What are two illnesses caused by fungi? |
. |
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What are uses fungi? |
. |
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Where are the most protista found? |
water. |
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What are three categories of protists? |
Cilia flagella pseupodia |
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What is brown algae often called?
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Seaweed |
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What can red Algae be used for? |
Cosmetics
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What is one illness thatt can be caused by a protist. |
African sleeping diesese. |
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What is the function of the tongue? |
push food into the esophagus. |
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what enzyme is found in saliva to help breakdown starch? |
Amylase |
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How is acid prevented from splashing back up into the esophagus? |
Valve |
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What acid is found in the stomach? |
Hydrocloric acid? |
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What is the function of the gall Bladder? |
Stores bile. |
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What is the function of the pancreas? |
creates enzymes. |
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What is the main function of the small intestine |
Nutrients |
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what is the main function of the large intestine? |
water |
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what prevents food from entering the trachea? |
. |
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where are the vocal cords found? |
. |
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what keeps the trachea open? |
. |
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What are the sacs called at the end of the bronchioles? |
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What moves the rib cage up and down? |
. |
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what is tidal volume? |
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what is expiratory reserve volume? |
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what are the four functions of the circulatory system? |
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what is the difference between arteries and veins? |
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what is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure? |
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what is the average resting heart beat of an adult male? |
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what is a healthy blood pressure? |
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what are the four chambers of the heart? |
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what is the name of the valve between the right atrium and ventricle |
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what is the aorta? |
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what separates the two chambers of the heart? |
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What are the four classes of plants? |
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which class of plant is missing a vascular system? |
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how do mosses obtain water? |
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provide an example of a gymnosperm. |
pinecone |
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where are seeds found in gymnosperm? |
. |
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what is another name for angiosperms? |
/ |
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where are seeds found in angio sperms? |
. |
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Identify two methods to distinguish monocots and dicots? |
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What is the difference between xylem phloem? |
. |
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how does water move through the vascular system? |
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wht are annual rungs in a woody stem? |
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what is the tip end of a root called? |
. |
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what are two types of roots? |
. |
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what is the waxy surface of a leaf called? |
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what type of cells contain the most chloroplasts? |
. |
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what allows for opening and closing of stomata? |
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what is the difference between a simple and compound lead? |
. |
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what part of the seed provides the embryo with nutrients? |
. |
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what part of the plant emerges first from the seed? |
. |
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what part of the flower becomes the fruit? |
Ovary. |
