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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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adaptation
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an evolutionary trait that allows an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an enviroment
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Charles Darwin
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scientist who studied many species of organisms for many years. Developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
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cladogram
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a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
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common descent
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all species are derived from common ancestors
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Evolution
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change over time
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fitness
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ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in a specific environment
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Fossil
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preserved remains of an ancient organism
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homologous structures
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"structures that are simular in form, function, and origin yet found in different species. They have a comon evolutionary origin. (example bird,crocodile, whale forelimb.)"
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natural selection
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"a mechanism (way) for change in a population when organisms with certain variations (differences) survive, reproduce, and pass on their variations to the next generation"
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natural variation
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differences among individuals within a species
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struggle for existence
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"competition for food, space, and other resources among members of a species"
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vestigial organ
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organ with little or no function (Example our Appendix)
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camouflage
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an adaptation that allows organisms to blend in with their surroundings
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mimicry
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a structural adaptation that provides protection for an organism because its appearance copies another organisms
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analogous structure
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body parts that are similar in function in different species but which have different origins. Not a common evolutionary origin. (example butterfly wings and bird wings)
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vestigial structure
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"a body structure that has no function in present day organism, but was probably useful to an ancestor. (Example Ostrich wings)"
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Embryological Development
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comparing developing embryos can reveal their evolutionary relationship
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genetic comparison
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comparing DNA/RNA of different species
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artificial selection
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Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits.
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allelic frequency
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the percent of any specific allele in the gene pool.
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geographic isolation
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"when a physical barrier (mountain, crevice, etc) divides a population and keeps them from breeding"
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Reproductive Isolation
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"Happens when formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring. Reasons: genetic material has changed, behaviors have changed"
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Gradualism
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An idea that states that species originate through a gradual change of adaptations.
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Punctuated Equilibrium
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"Theory that belives species formed quickly and in rapid burst with times of ""equilibrium"" in between. Little change over long periods of time then a burst of evolutionary change."
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Convergent Evolution
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Species became more alike over time
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Divergent Evolution
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Species once simular become more different over time
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Gene Pool
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All of the genes in a population
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Gene Flow
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Causes changes in evolution
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