Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
first law of thermodynamics
|
energy is conserved
|
|
|
second law of thermodynamics
|
entropy always increases with a spontaneous reaction
|
|
|
exergonic
|
energy exits the system
|
|
|
endergonic
|
energy enters the system
|
|
|
exothermic
|
releases heat
-H |
|
|
endothermic
|
absorbs heat
+H |
|
|
catalysts
|
-lowers activation energy
-stabilizes transition state -always regenerated at end of reaction |
|
|
kinase
|
adds a phosphate group
|
|
|
phosphatase
|
removes phosphate group
|
|
|
proteolytic cleavage
|
type of cleavage that activates zymogens
|
|
|
feed forward inhibition
|
substrate causes enzyme downstream to work more
|
|
|
tense enzyme
|
wants substrates to stay away
-you are tense so you want to be left alone |
|
|
relaxed enzyme
|
wants to bind to substrate
-you are relaxed so you wan to hang out |
|
|
oxidation
|
-loss of electrons
-loss of hydrogens -addition of oxygens or bonds to it |
|
|
reduction
|
-gain of electrons
-gain of hydtrogens -loss of oxygens or bonds to it |
|
|
net products of glycolysis
|
2 ATP
2 NADH |
|
|
hexokinase
|
catalyzes glucose to glucose 6 phosphate
|
|
|
phosphofructokinase
|
-catalyzes fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 biphosphate
-once you reach this point there is no turning back |
|
|
net products of PDC
|
-1 NADH
-1 CO2 |
|
|
net products of krebs cycle
|
-6 NADH
-2 FADH -2 GTP |
|
|
location of krebs cycle and PDC
|
intermembrane space of mitochondria
|
|
|
# of ATP produced from one NADH
|
2.5 ATP
|
|
|
# of ATP produced from one cytoplasmic NADH
|
1.5 ATP
|
|
|
glycerol phosphate shuttle
|
transports cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria
|
|
|
# of ATP produced from one FADH
|
1.5 ATP
|
