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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mitosis occurs in __________ cells and Meiosis occurs in___________ cells.
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Mitosis occurs in BODY (somatic) cells, and Meiosis occurs in GERM (mother sperm cells; mother egg cells) cells.
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The number of DNA molecules in a duplicated chromosome is_____
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2
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What are the 3 steps in the cell cycle?
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1. Interphase
2. Cell division (mitosis or meiosis) 3. Cytokinesis |
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Name the 1st stage of Interphase and its activity.
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the first phase is G1 and its activity is Organelles duplicated
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The number of DNA molecules in a duplicated chromosome is_____
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2
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What are the 3 steps in the cell cycle?
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1. Interphase
2. Cell division (mitosis or meiosis) 3. Cytokinesis |
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Name the three stages of Interphase.
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1. G2
2. S 3. G2 |
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Name the activity of the 1st stage of Interphase G1.
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Organelles duplicated
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Name the activity of the 2nd phase of Interpahse S.
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DNA (chromosomes) replicated between gap phases
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Name the activity of the last phase of Interphase G2.
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Spindle apparatus formed
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What are the 4 stages of Mitosis?
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1.Prophase
2.Metaphase 3.Anaphase 4.Telephase |
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Name the 3 functions of Mitosis
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1. Asexual (clones); prokaryote fission reproduction
2. Growth 3. Cell replacement |
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If an organism has 16 chromosomes, how many chromatids does it have in a cell that is just beginning to divide?
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32
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Spindle apparatus forms in and becomes visable in__________
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Prophase
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Spindle apparatus functions to pull apart____________
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chromosomes
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Spindle apparatus in composed of___________
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Microtubles (tublin)
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Spindle apparatus is not a permanent __________ structure.
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Cell
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The kinetochore is the place on the _________ where the spindle fibers attach.
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centomere
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In the 2-way pulling theory, chromosoms move as _____________ shorten.
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microtubles
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cancer is ________________
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unchecked mitosis
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The spread of cancer cells beyond their original state is called
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metastasis
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Cytokinesis is the distribution of cytoplasm to_________ cells.
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daughter
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Cytokinesis is called__________ in animals
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cleavage
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Cytokinesis is called ___________ in plants
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cell plate formation
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The cell plate is composed of ___________ and ___________
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The cell plate is composed of microtubles and cellulose
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Name the key features of the prophase of mitosis.
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1. Nuclear membrane brakes down
2. Chromosomes appear 3. Spindles appear and attach to chromosomes |
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Name the key feature of the Metaphase of mitosis
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Chromosomes line up at equator
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Name the key feature of the anaphase of mitosis.
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Chromatids pull apart and move to poles
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Name the key feature of the telophase of mitosis.
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Chromosomes reach poles
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What is the dominate reproductive strategy among eukaryotes?
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Sexual reproduction
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Sexual reproduction, unlike asexual reproduction, results in new combinations of________________
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genetic traits
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Asexual daughter cells are __________ of each other and the parent.
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identical (clones)
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Homologous chromosomes come in_______ have___________ for the same trait and may exhchange parts in__________.
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Homologous chromosomes come in PAIRS have ALLELES for the same trait and may exchange parts in CROSSING OVER (Prophase I of Meiosis)
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Different or alternative forms of the same gene are called________
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alleles
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In what 2 stages of Meiosis do you find condensation of chromatin chromosomes?
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Prophase I and Prophase II
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Define Tetrad
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Pairs of homologous chromosomes; 2 duplicated chromosomes (has 4 chromatids)
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Define Synapsis
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chromosomes get together
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Define Crossing-over
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non-sister chromatids exchange parts
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Define Chiasmata or chiasma
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evidence of crossing-over
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In what stage of meiosis is there tetrad formation?
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Prophase I
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In what stage of meiosis is there crossing-over
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Prophase I
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In what stage of meiosis is there synapsis
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Prophase I
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In what stage of meisosis is there chromatids separate
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Prophase II
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In what stage of meiosis is there chiasmata
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Prophase I
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The 'main event' of Meiosis I is (pick one)
1. Non-sister chromatids exchange parts 2. Sister chromatids separate 3. Homologous chromosomes separate |
Non-sister chromatids exchange parts
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The 'main event' of meiosis II is (pick one)
1. Non-sister chromatids exchange parts 2. Sister chromatids seperate 3. Homologous chromosomes separate |
Sister chromatids seperate
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Genetic variation in Meiosis is (fill in the blank)
Crossing-over in _____________ Random orientation of homologous chromosomes in______________ Random_______________ of egg and sperm. |
Crossing-over in PROPHASE I
Random orientation of homologous chromosomes in METAPHASE I Random FERTILIZATION of egg and sperm |
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Another name for 'half the number of chromosomes"
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haploid
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Another name for "full set of chromsomes"
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diploid
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Name the cell division process where identical daughter cells are produced.
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Mitosis
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Name the cell division process where crossing-over occur
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Meiosis
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Name the cell devision process where random selection of polar bodies occur
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meiosis
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Define gametogenesis in animals.
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formation of sex cells (eggs, sperm)
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Define fertilization
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union of egg and sperm
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Define zygote
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new individula (diploid) result of fertilization
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Where in animal bodies are egg and sperm produced? These organs are called__________
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gonads
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Which will not develope into a gamete?
1.Primary speratocyte 2.Spermatid 3.Oocyte 4.Polar body |
Polar body wil not develope into a gamete
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What will a primary spermatocyte develope into?
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secondary spermatocyte
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What will a spermatid develope into?
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spermatozoa (sperm)
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What will a Oocyte develope into?
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Ova (mature egg)
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What is a karyotype?
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Photographic inventory of an individual's chromosomes
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