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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the researcher that worked with Pus and sperm cells and discovered Nucleic acids.
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Friedrich Miescher
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Name the researcher that worked with Mice and discovered "Transforming factor"
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Fred Griffith
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Name the researchers that discovered transfer DNA not proteins.
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Hershey and Chase
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Name the researcher that worked with x-ray diffraction and discovered the key features of DNA structure (uniform, long, thin, repeats and spiral)
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Rosalin Franklin
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Name the researchers that discovered DNA sttucture and replication explained, coined "double-helix"
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Watson and Crick
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Fred Griffith worked with pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of_________ _________ and mice.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Fred Griffith found that harmless cells were permanently transformed by a change in the bacteria's_______________
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hereditary
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Rosalind Franklin's research showed that DNA was of ____________ diameter.
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Uniform
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Rosalind Franklin's research showed that DNA was ___________ and narrow
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long
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Rosalind Franklin's research showed that DNA repeated __________ of itself.
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parts
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Rosalind Franklin's research showed that DNA of a __________ shape.
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spiral
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Watson and Crick are credited with showing the double helix____________ of DNA
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structure
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Watson and Crick are credited with confirming the principles of base-__________
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pairing
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Watson and Crick are credited with explaining how DNA __________ took place
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replication
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Watson and Crick are credited with coming the term 'double _______"
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helix
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Bacteriophages are nonliving________
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viruses
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Bacteriophages use ___________ for reproduction
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bacteria
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Bacteriophages have a sulfur-containing ___________ coat
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protein
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Bacteriophages can have their _____________ in their DNA made radioactive.
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phosphorus
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Name the four nucleotides in DNA
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A, T, C, G (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine)
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Name the bonding of the 4 nucleotides (bases)
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A---T, C---G
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Name the Purines
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A, G
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Name the Pyrimidines
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T, C
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Nucleic acids are composed of__________
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nucleotides
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Nucleotides are composed of__________, __________ and ____________
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sugar, Phosphate (functional group,and Base
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A _______________ may contain a purine, a pyrimidine, a pentose, and a phosphate.
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nucleotide
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The DNA backbone is composed of alternating ____________ and _______________ molecules.
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sugar, phosphate
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DNA replication is known as _______-___________ because 2 molecules are produced each with half old and half new DNA.
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semi-conservation
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What is the function of the enzyme Helicase?
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Opens up the DNA strand
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What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase?
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Adds on free nucleotides and proofreads.
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What is the function of the enzyme DNA ligase?
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Seals short strands
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A length of DNA that codes for polypeptides?
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Gene
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The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of information:
______________ DNA to DNA ______________ DNA to RNA ______________ RNA to proteins |
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of information:
REPLICATION DNA to DNA Transcription DNA to RNA Translation RNA to proteins |
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Where in the cells does replication DNA to DNA occur?
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Nucleus
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Where in the cells does Transcription DNA to RNA occur?
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Nucleus DNA to RNA
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Where in the cells does Transcription DNA to RNA occur?
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Nucleus DNA to RNA
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Where in the cells does Translation RNA to proteins occur?
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Cytoplasm
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The researcher Garrod worked on the human organism and discovered ______________
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Genes make specific enzymes
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The researchers Beadle and Tatum worked on the organism bread mold (neurospora crassa) and discovered _____________
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Mutations = defective enzyme
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Gene action: One gene codes for the amino acid sequence of the one ______________ chain.
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polypeptide
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What is the sugar for DNA?
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Deoxyribose
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What is the Sugar for RNA?
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Ribose
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What is the Base for DNA?
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ATCG
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What is the Base for RNA?
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A U C G
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What is the structure for DNA?
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2-stranded helix
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What is the structure for RNA?
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1-strand
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What is the function of DNA?
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Genetic Code
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What is the function of RNA?
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(mRNA) messenger;
(tRNA) transfers a.a; (rRNA) component of ribosomes |
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Name the 3 kinds of RNA and their functions:
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mRNA - Carries the code
rRNA - With proteins forms ribosomes tRNA - Transfers amino acids |
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3 sets of nucleotides (bases) on mRNA
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Codon
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3 sets of nucleotides (bases) on rRNA
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Anticodon
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The portion of DNA that is not translated and is a non-coded portion is composed of____________
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introns
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DNA and ____ relationship to each other is known as complementary.
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RNA
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How many different kinds of amino acids are there in proteins?
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20
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The genetic code is universal to all organism on___________
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Earth
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The genetic code consists of ________ condons.
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64
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The genetic code can specify more than __________ _________ for each codon
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amnio acid
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In Sickle-cell anemia is an example of _______-pair substitution.
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base
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In Sickle-cell anemia glutamate is replaced by__________
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value
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Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder where the defective protein is off by one ________ ___________
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amino acid
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Bacteria: simplest cell; has cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA NOT in __________; host for ______________
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nucleus, Bacteriophages
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Virus: non-living as cannot __________ without a host; DNA or RNA in a protein package.
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reproduce
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Enveloped virus; type of virus that has pieces of _________ around it (the envelope)
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host
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Non-envelope virus: no __________
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envelope
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Bacteriophage; a ________ that uses bacteria for reproduction.
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virus
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Lysogenic cycle: Bacteriophage reproduce each Viral DNA _____________ into bacteria DNA
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incorporated
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Lytic cycle: Bacteriophage reproductive cycle. Viral DNA NOT ___________ into bacteria DNA
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incorporated
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The virus that causes AIDS is called ________. The AIDS virus is an ___________ virus.
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HIV, enveloped
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The 5, 3 designation represent the orientation of _________ in the DNA molecule.
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Sugar
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