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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The DNA in a prokaryote is concentrated in a mass called the what?
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Nucleoid Region
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Name the three common bacteria shapes
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Bacilli (rod shaped)
Cocci (spherical) Spirilla (spiral shaped) |
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What is the rigid outer cell wall of bacteria composed of?
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Peptidoglycan
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Name two major groups of bacteria:
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1. Gram Positive
2. Gram Negative |
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What is 'Gram-positive'
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Bacteria that stains purple with Gram's stain
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What is 'Gram-negative'
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Bacteria that does not stain purple
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What are the two large domains that prokaryotes (bacteria) fall into?
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Archae
Eubacteria |
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Which scientist led to the recgonition of archae as a separate domain of life?
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Carl Woese
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Name two ways archae differs from eubacteria and eukaryotes
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1. composition of ribosomes
2. kinds of lipids used in their cell membranes |
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What do archae lack in their cell walls?
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Peptidoglycan
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What kinds of bacteria live in extremely salty conditions?
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Halophiles
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What kind of bacteria do NOT require oxygen
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Methanogens
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What kind of bacteria live in hot sulphur springs and underwater volcanic vents?
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Thermoacidophiles
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How are eubacteria classified?
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Based on how they obtain nutrients
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Name the two kinds of eubacteria
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Autotrophes: obtain carbon directly from carbon dioxide
Heterotrophes: obtain carbon from organic molecules |
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Which kind do most bacteria fall under?
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Heterotrophs
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Name the divisions of autotrophs
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1. Photoautotrophes
2. Chemotrophes |
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Name the divisions of heterotrophes
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1. Photoheterotrophes
2. Chemoheterotrophes |
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What recycle organic material back into the environment?
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1. Decomposers
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True or false: the official name of a species is binomial
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True
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Name three aspects of prokaryotes
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1. all prokaryotes are bacteria
2. bacteria are everywhere 3. most bacteria are useful, but they may also cause disease |
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Define: antibiotics
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Chemicals that kill bacterial cells without harming our own Eukaroyotic cells
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What are most antibiotics synthesized by?
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Soil bacteria and fungi for protection from other bacteria
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Name the various effects antibiotics may have on prokaryotes:
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1. preventing bacteria from synthesizing a cell wall
2. preventing bacteria from expressing their genes 3. interfering with DNA folding 4. blocking protein synthesis 5. inhibit synthesis of folic acid |
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Name two varieties of antibiotic resistance:
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1. resistance genes allow bacteria to survive exposure to an antibiotic
2. other resistance genes allow bacteria to release enzymes that destroy the antibiotic |
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Name some characteristics of prokaryotes
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1. lack of a true nucleus (no nuclear membrane)
2. Prokaryotes lack any membrane-bound organelles 3. Prokaryotes may also contain one or more smaller loops of DNA, which do not contain genes for life |
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What are the smaller loops of DNA found with prokaryotes called?
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Plasmids
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What does naming things allow us to do?
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1. communicate what we know about something
2. name distinctions between different organisims 3. classify them, or assign a group |
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What did the 18th century physician/biologist Caralus Linneaus do?
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He designed a TAXONOMIC HEIRARCHY for the classification of life
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All matter is divided up as either what?
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1. living
2. non-living |
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Name the three domains that all life is divided into:
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1. archaea (bacteria)
2. eubacteria 3. eukarya |
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Name the two domains that are prokaryotes
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Archae
Eubacteria |
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Name order that each domain is subdivided into:
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Kingdom
Phyla Class Order Family Genus Species |
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Which two domain subdivisions are vital to naming organisms?
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Genus and species
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Name the human classification heirarchy:
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Domain=eukarya
Kingdom=animalia Phyla=cordata Class=mammalia order=primates family=hominidia genus=Homo species=sapiens |
