Biology Chapter 9 Test

Front 1

96% of living organisms are made of what four elements? (Also known as molecules of life)

Back 1

1) Carbon

2) Oxygen

3) Hydrogen

4) Nitrogen

Front 2

What are bodies made of?

Back 2

-carbohydrates

-proteins

-fats (lipids)

-nucleic acids

Front 3

Give four examples of Carbohydrates.

Back 3

1) Sugars, such as glucose and fructose

2) starches

3) cellulose

4) chitin

Front 4

Why do we eat?

Back 4

-to take in more needed chemicals

-for building materials for cells, growth, and repair

-to make energy: calories and to make ATP

Front 5

What are the eight essential "food groups," we need in our diet?

Back 5

1. carbs

2. proteins

3. fats

4. nucleic acids

5. vitamins

6. minerals

7. salts

8. water

Front 6

What percent of your body is H2O?

Back 6

65%

Front 7

Is water organic or inorganic?

Back 7

inorganic, because it does not contain carbon

Front 8

What does it mean if a molecule is organic?

Back 8

it has carbon and hydroogen

Front 9

What are single unit building block molecules called?

Back 9

monomers

Front 10

What are big molecules made up of little molecules called? (two or more units)

Back 10

polymers

Front 11

What is the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Back 11

Monomers are the small building block molecules that make up the larger polymers.

Front 12

Give three examples of polymers and the monomers that make them up?

Back 12

1. Carbohydrates: sugars s-s-s-s-s-s-s

2. Protein: amino acids aa-aa-aa-aa-aa

3. Nucleic Acids: nucleotides n-n-n-n-n-n

Front 13

Define Synthesis.

Back 13

to put things together

Front 14

What are three things involved in building cells and bodies?

Back 14

1. repair

2. growth

3. reproduction

Front 15

What is the purpose of Digestion?

Back 15

Taking molecules apart, getting raw materials, for synthesis and growth, and making energy (ATP) for synthesis, growth and everyday functions

Front 16

When starch is digested to what?

Back 16

glucose

Front 17

What are the functions of Carbohydrates?

Back 17

-quick energy

-energy storage

-to build molecules

-builds structure of cell wall in plants

Front 18

What are the three categories of carbohydrates? Give an example of each.

Back 18

1. Monosaccharides (one sugar) Ex. glucose

2. Disaccharides (two sugars) Ex. sucrose

3. Polysaccharides (many sugars) Ex. starch

Front 19

Give two examples of Synthesis.

Back 19

1. Sucrose= glucose+fructose

2. Maltose= glucose+glucose

Front 20

Give the four examples of polysaccharides in the notes and explain information about each.

Back 20

1. Starch: is the energy storage in plants; found in potatoes

2. Glycogen: is the energy storage in animals; found in liver and muscles

3. Cellulose: is the structure in plants; found in cell walls

4. Chitin: is the structure in anthropods and fungi; found in the exoskeleton

Front 21

What is the difference in digesting starch and cellulose?

Back 21

Starch is easy to digest, but cellulose is hard to digest

Front 22

How can cows digest cellulose?

Back 22

Because of the bacteria that lives in their stomach that help to digest grass meals that are rich in cellulose.

Front 23

Define Lipids.

Back 23

concentrated energy molecules; twice the energy of carbohydrates

Front 24

Give four examples of Lipids.

Back 24

1. fats

2. oils

3. waxes

4. steriods

Front 25

What are the functions of Lipids?

Back 25

-energy storage (very concentrated)

-make up the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)

-cushions organs

-insulates body

Front 26

What is the formula for glucose?

Back 26

C6H12O6

Front 27

What makes up a triglyceride?

Back 27

glycerol+3 fatty acids

Front 28

Why should we limit the amount of saturated fat in our diet?

Back 28

-it contributes to heart disease

-it deposits into your arteries

Front 29

What form are saturated fats at room temperature?

Back 29

solid

Front 30

What form are unsaturated fats at room temperature? Why?

Back 30

liquid; because the fat molecules don't stack tightly together

Front 31

What are the benefits of cholesterol?

Back 31

-it's good molecule in the cell membrane

-we make hormones from it

Front 32

What is the harm of too much cholesterol?

Back 32

Too much cholesterol in the blood can cause heart disease.

Front 33

Describe phospholipids.

Back 33

-heads are on the outside touching water

-tails are on inside away from water

-forms barrier between the cell and the outside

Front 34

What are the four different ways animals feed?

Back 34

1. Filter Feeding

2. Living in their food

3. Fluid Feeding

4. Bulk Feeding

Front 35

Animals build bodies using what two things?

Back 35

1. food for raw materials

2. ATP energy for synthesis

Front 36

What do we call animals that eat both plants and meat?

Back 36

Omnivores

Front 37

List the basic steps of getting and using food.

Back 37

1. Ingest

2. Digest

3. Absorb

4. Eliminate

Front 38

What happens during Ingestion?

Back 38

the process of taking in food

Front 39

What are the two types of digestion and what happens in each?

Back 39

1. mechanical digestion: breaking up food into smaller pieces

2. chemical digestion: breaking down food into small molecules to be absorbed into cells

Front 40

What happens during Absorption?

Back 40

Nutrients is absorbed through the cell membrane either through diffusion or active transport

Front 41

What happens during Elimination?

Back 41

Undigested material passes out of the body