Biology Chapter 6 Vocab

Front 1

cell theory

Back 1

generalization that all living things are composed of ecells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and fundtion in living things.

Front 2

micrograph

Back 2

photograph of the view through a microscope.

Front 3

organelle

Back 3

part of a cell with a specific fundtion.

Front 4

plasma membrane

Back 4

thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the dell and its surroundings.

Front 5

nucleus

Back 5

in an atom, the central core that contains protons an neutrons; in a cell, the part that houses the cells' genetic material in the form of DNA.

Front 6

cytoplasm

Back 6

region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

Front 7

cell wall

Back 7

strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintins its shape.

Front 8

prokaryotic cell

Back 8

cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles.

Front 9

eukaryotic cell

Back 9

cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles.

Front 10

phospholipid bilayer

Back 10

twolayer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds a cell.

Front 11

diffusion

Back 11

net movement of the particle of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated.

Front 12

equilibrium

Back 12

point at which the number of diffusing molecules mocing in one direction is equal to the number of moving in the opposite direction.

Front 13

selectively permeable membrane

Back 13

membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks the passage of some substances altogether.

Front 14

passive transport

Back 14

diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy ecpended by the cell.

Front 15

facilitated diffusion

Back 15

pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane.

Front 16

osmosis

Back 16

passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Front 17

hypertonic

Back 17

having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.

Front 18

hypotonic

Back 18

having a lower concentration of soluter than another solution.

Front 19

isotonic

Back 19

having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution.

Front 20

active transport

Back 20

movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell.

Front 21

vesicle

Back 21

small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.

Front 22

exocytosis

Back 22

process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane..

Front 23

endocytosis

Back 23

process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane

Front 24

nuclear envelope

Back 24

double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus.

Front 25

nucleolus

Back 25

ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus.

Front 26

ribosome

Back 26

cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell.

Front 27

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 27

network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produce a varity of molecules.

Front 28

Golgi apparatus

Back 28

cellular organell that modifies, stores, and routes cell products.

Front 29

vacuole

Back 29

membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus.

Front 30

lysosome

Back 30

membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides.

Front 31

chloroplast

Back 31

organelle found in some plant cells and contain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place.

Front 32

mitochondria

Back 32

cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs.

Front 33

ATP

Back 33

adenosine triphosphate main energy source that cells use for most of their work.

Front 34

Microtubule

Back 34

straight, hollow tube of proteins that gives rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell.

Front 35

flagella

Back 35

long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubles, that enable some cells to move.

Front 36

microfilament

Back 36

solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtuble, that enables a cell to move or change shape.

Front 37

cilia

Back 37

short structures projecting from a cell an containing bundles of microtubles that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface.