Biology Chapter 6 Penn Foster

Front 1

stomata

Back 1

small openings on leaf that CO2 from air enters the leaf

Front 2

chloroplasts

Back 2

organelles that carry on photosynthesis

Front 3

stroma

Back 3

double membrane surrounding fluid in a chloroplast

Front 4

thylakoids

Back 4

third membrane system within the stoma forming flattended sacsq

Front 5

grana (sing. granum)

Back 5

thylakoid stacks

Front 6

chlorophyll

Back 6

green pigment that absorbs solar energy and important in algal and plant photosynthesis; chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b

Front 7

light reactions

Back 7

portion of photosynthesis that captures solar energy adn takes place in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts; produces ATP and NADPH

Front 8

Calvin Cycle Reactions

Back 8

portion of photosynthesis that takes place in the stoma of chloroplasts and can occur in the dark; it uses the products of the light reactions to reduce CO2 to a carbohydrate

Front 9

carotenoid

Back 9

yellow or orange pigment that serves as an accessory to chlorophyll in photosynthesis

Front 10

photosystems

Back 10

photosynthetic unit where solar energy is absorbed and high-energy elegrons are generated; contains a pigment complex and an electron acceptor; occurs as PS I and PS II

Front 11

electron transport chain

Back 11

series of carriers passing electrons from one to the other, releasing energy that is stored in the form of a hydrogen ion (H+)

Front 12

ATP synthase

Back 12

enzyme that is part of an ATP synthase complex and functions in the production of ATP in chloroplasts and mitochondria

Front 13

carbon dioxide fixation

Back 13

photosynthetic reaction in which CO2 is attached to an organic compound

Front 14

C3 plant

Back 14

plant that fixes CO2 via the Calvin cycle; the first stable product of C3 photosynthesis is a 3-carbon compound

Front 15

C4 plant

Back 15

plant that fixes CO2 to produce a C4 molecule that releases CO2 to the Calvin cycle

Front 16

CAM

Back 16

crassulacean-acid metabolism; plant fixes CO2 at night to produce a C4 molecule that releases CO2 to the Calvin cycle during the day

Front 17

coenzyme

Back 17

nonprotein organic molecule that aids the action of the enzyme to which it is loosely bound

Front 18

photosynthesis

Back 18

process occurring usually within chloroplasts whereby chlorophyll-containing organelles trap solar energy to reduce CO2 to carbohydrate

Front 19

RuBP carboxylase (rubisco)

Back 19

enzyme that is required for CO2 fixation (atmospheric CO2 attaches to RuBP) in the Calvin cycle