Biology Chapter 6 Flash Cards

Front 1

Energy

Back 1

The ability to do work.

Front 2

Potential Energy

Back 2

Having the capacity to do work.

Front 3

Kinetic Energy

Back 3

The energy of motion.

Front 4

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 4

It states that energy can be neither created or destroyed.

Front 5

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 5

It states that disorder in a closed physical system tends to increase.

Front 6

Entropy

Back 6

This is the measure of disorder of a physical system.

Front 7

Reactants

Back 7

These are the molecules that are entering a chemical reaction.

Front 8

Activation Energy

Back 8

This is the energy that pushes chemical reaction to get going.

Front 9

Exergonic Reaction

Back 9

This is when the products contain less energy than the reactants. The extra energy is released into nearby molecules

Front 10

Catabolic Reactions

Back 10

Reactions that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules.

Front 11

Endergonic Reaction

Back 11

The product contains more energy in its chemical bonds than in its reactants.

Front 12

Anabolic Reaction

Back 12

Reactions that use energy to build complex molecules from simpler molecules.

Front 13

Coupled Reactions

Back 13

These are reactions that occur in conjunction with one another.

Front 14

Metobolic Pathways

Back 14

These are chains of chemical reactions that move, store, carry, and release energy in living systems.

Front 15

Enzymes

Back 15

These are special proteins that regulate the reactions in metabolic pathways.

Front 16

Catalyst

Back 16

This is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction, but it is not chemically charged by the reaction.

Front 17

Induced fit

Back 17

This is when the binding of a substrate causes the shape of the enzyme to change, allowing a better fit.

Front 18

Substrates

Back 18

These are the substances on which enzymes act.

Front 19

Active Sites

Back 19

These are the locations on the enzymes where a reaction is catalyzed.

Front 20

Activator

Back 20

This activates a enzyme.

Front 21

Inhibitor

Back 21

This turns off an enzyme.

Front 22

Negative Feedback

Back 22

When the end product feeds information back to the first enzyme in the pathway, shutting down the pathway where there is excess end product.

Front 23

Cofactors

Back 23

These are non protein parts of an enzyme.

Front 24

Coenzymes

Back 24

These are cofactors that are organic molecules.

Front 25

ATP

Back 25

This is the energy currency of a cell that can captures energy from a exergonic reaction, carry this energy, and then “spend” it when needed.

Front 26

Ribose

Back 26

This is a five ring sugar that is one subunit of ATP.

Front 27

Adenine

Back 27

This is a double ring molecule that makes up ATP.

Front 28

Triposphate Group

Back 28

These are three phosphate groups linked in a chain, a subunit of ATP.

Front 29

Adenosine

Back 29

This is the ribose and the adenine linked together.

Front 30

Phosphorylation

Back 30

This is when ATP transfers chemical energy as it transfers its terminal phosphate group.

Front 31

ADP

Back 31

This is the molecule that remains after phosphorylation.