Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell Theory
|
Cell Theory
|
|
Cell
|
The smallest unit of life that call exist independently. These are the building blocks of all life.
|
|
Cell Membrane
|
This is the boundary of a cell.
|
|
Prokaryotic Cells
|
These are cells that were the first to ever exist on earth. They have no membrane bound nucleus containing DNA; their DNA is held in a nucleoid. The organelles are not bounded by membrane. They are simpler than eukaryotes.
|
|
Eukaryotic Cells
|
These cells make up plant and animal cells. They are all bounded by a membrane, and they process many organelles. They are more complex.
|
|
Symbiotic Bacteria
|
Symbiotic Bacteria: Bacteria-like organelles in eukaryotes are thought to have originated from these.
|
|
Endosymbiont Theory
|
This is the theory explains how complex cells can evolve from two or more simple cells living in a symbiotic relationship.
|
|
Plasma Membrane
|
This membrane surrounds all cells and it encloses protoplasm.
|
|
Protoplasm
|
This is the semi fluid contents that include the organelles and the nucleus of the cell.
|
|
Nucleus
|
This is the control center of a cell.
|
|
Phospholipids
|
These have two fatty acid chains and they make up plasma membranes. They are polar and they interact with water through the phosphate group.
|
|
Proteins
|
These also make up plasma membranes.
|
|
Lipid Bilayer
|
These is the double layered structure that is the foundation of the plasma membrane.
|
|
Fluid Mosaic Model
|
This is the model of the cell membrane that is widely accepted today - it was created by Singer Nicholson. It describes how the lipid bilayer are studded with a mosaic of proteins.
|
|
Glycolipids
|
These are the sugars that are bonded to the lipids.
|
|
Glycoprotein
|
These are the sugars that attach to proteins.
|
|
Channels or Transporters
|
These act as doors and allow specific molecules in and out of the cell.
|
|
Receptors
|
These are membrane proteins that recognize certain chemicals such as hormones, and signal the cell to respond in different ways.
|
|
Cell Wall
|
This is a rigid thick structure, found on plants, that surrounds the cell membrane.
|
|
Cytoplasm
|
This is the thick fluid that contains all of a cells organelles.
|
|
Cytoskeleton
|
This is founding the cytoplasm - it is a network of filaments and fibers that help shape and support the cells.
|
|
Cilia
|
These are short structures that cover a cell; they allow a cell to move.
|
|
Flagella
|
This is a whip-like structure that allows a cell to move within it’s environment.
|
|
Basel Body
|
This is the structure that the cilia/flagella connects with as the microtubes dip into the plasma membrane.
|
|
Centrioles
|
These are the centrically microtubular structures that are found in the cytoplasm of animal cells - they play a key role in cell division
|
|
Nuclear Envelope
|
This is the outer double layer membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
|
|
Nuclear Pores
|
These are openings in the nuclear envelope.
|
|
Chromosomes
|
These are proteins that DNA is wrapped tightly around. They are created during cell division.
|
|
Nucleolus
|
A darkly staining region within the nucleus
|
|
Ribosomes
|
These are spherical organelles that are count in the cytoplasm; these manufacture proteins.
|
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
|
This is an extensive system of interconnected membranes that form flatted channels and tube-like canals within the cytoplasm. The channels are used to more substances to move substances from one part of the cell to another.
|
|
Rough ER
|
This is an ER that has ribosomes dotting it’s surface, it looks like a long sheet of sand paper.
|
|
Smooth ER
|
This is an ER that has no ribosomes attached to it.
|
|
Golgi Apparatus
|
This is the organelle in which the vesicles can eventually fuse with.
|
|
Vesicles
|
Membrane sacks that proteins are incased in, once they are done with the ER.
|
|
Lysosomes
|
These are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They aid in cell renewal and are always breaking down old cell parts and real placing them with new ones.
|
|
Vacuole
|
This is a membrane bound sack that can store food, water, and wastes; they are most often found in plant cells.
|
|
Mitochondria
|
These break down fuel molecules, releasing energy. They have their own DNA suggesting that they were once free living bacteria. They are bounded by a double membrane.
|
|
Cellular Respiration
|
These are the oxygen requiring reactions that are needed to break down the foods that plants and animals give their cells.
|
|
Chloroplasts
|
These use energy from the sun to make sugars.
|
|
Brownian Movement
|
This is the jiggling motion that all molecules exhibit. Although this movement is not purposeful, it allows them to bump into other molecules
|
|
Gradient
|
This is the term that is used to refer to the net movement.
|
|
Passive Transportation
|
This is when a molecular movement that does not require energy.
|
|
Diffusion
|
This is the net movement of molecules from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentrations.
|
|
Osmosis
|
This is the diffusion of water across a differently permeable membrane.
|
|
Solution
|
This is when water is mixed with other molecules.
|
|
Solute
|
This is the other kind of molecules that are dissolved in water.
|
|
Hypotonic
|
Pure water is hypotonic.
|
|
Hypertonic
|
This is the opposite of hypotonic, one with a concentration higher than the cytoplasm of the cell.
|
|
Isotonic
|
This is a solution, water will move in and out of the cell, but no net movement will take place.
|
|
Facilitated Diffusion
|
This uses transport of proteins for movement across a deferentially permeable membrane.
|
|
Active Transport
|
This is molecular movement that requires energy.
|
|
Endocytosis
|
This is the process in which cells move large molecules and particles into the cell.
|
|
Phagocytosis
|
This is if material that is brought into the cell contains and organism or an fragment of organic matter.
|
|
Pinocytosis
|
This is if the material that is brought into the cell contains dissolved molecules.
|
|
Exocytosis
|
This is when large molecules and particles move out of the cell.
|