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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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diffusion
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the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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concentration gradient
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the difference in concentration of molecules across a distance
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kinetic energy
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causes molecules to be in constant motion
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equilibrium
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the even concentration of molecules throughout the space they occupy
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simple diffusion
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diffusion across a membrane
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osmosis
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process by which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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hypotonic
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when the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is lower than the concentration inside the cytosol
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hypertonic
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when the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is higher than the concentration in the cytosol
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isotonic
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when the concentrations of solutes outside and inside the cell are equal
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contractile vacuoles
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organelles that remove water and pump it out of the cell
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turgor pressure
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the pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall
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plasmolysis
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condition in a hyptertonic environment in which the cells shrink away from the cell wall and turgor pressure is lost
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cytolysis
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the bursting of cells
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carrier proteins
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proteins in facilitated diffusion that assist molecules into the cell
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facilitated diffusion
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type of passive transport used for molecules that cannot readily diffuse through cell membranes
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ion channels
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protein that provides small passageways across the cell membrane through which ions can diffuse
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active transport
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the movement of materials from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration, or "up" their concentration gradient
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sodium-potassium pump
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protein that trandports Na+ and K+ ions up their concentration gradients
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endocytosis
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process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles.
they become enclosed by a pouch of the cell membrane |
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pinocytosis
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type of endocytosis that involves the transport of solutes or fluids
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phagocytosis
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type of endocytosis involving the movement of large particles or whole cells
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phagocytes
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cells in animals that use phagocytosis to ingest bacteria and viruses that invade the body
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exocytosis
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process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrand to let the substance out
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