Biology Chapter 5

Front 1

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Back 1

A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.
B) Macromolecular synthesis occurs through the removal of water and digestion occurs through

Front 2

Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?

Back 2

chitin (the appendage coming off has N)

Front 3

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Back 3

C18H32O16(bc you use 2 water molecules to form molecule...so you are losing 4 H molecules and 2 O molecules). the first 2glucose molecule combine losing one water molecule; and the third combines to them, losing another water molecule.

Front 4

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the

Back 4

starch

Front 5

On food packages, to what does the term "insoluble fiber" refer?

Back 5

cellulose

Front 6

A molecule with the chemical formula C16H32O16 is probably a

Back 6

carbohydrate, lipid, monosaccharide

Front 7

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

Back 7

as a disaccharide

Front 8

All of the following are polysaccharides except

Back 8

Glucose is not a polysaccharide; it is a monosaccharide.

Front 9

Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?

Back 9

They are both polymers of glucose.

Front 10

Which of the following is true of cellulose?

Back 10

It is a major structural component of plant cell walls.

Front 11

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

Back 11

humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta glycosidic linkages of cellulose

Front 12

All of the following statements concerning saturated fats are true except

Back 12

They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids

Front 13

A molecule with the formula C18H36O2is probably a

Back 13

fatty acid. (there is only 2 oxygen molecules)

Front 14

Which of the following statements is false for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?

Back 14

They are soluble in water.

Front 15

What is a triacylglycerol?

Back 15

a lipid made with three fatty acids and glycerol

Front 16

Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids?

Back 16

They are the principal molecules in lard and butter.

Front 17

Large organicmolecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement?

Back 17

a steroid

Front 18

The hydrogenation of vegetable oil results in which of the following?

Back 18

saturated fats and unsaturated fats with trans double bonds, an increased contribution to artherosclerosis, the oil (fat) being a solid at room temperature

Front 19

Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids?

Back 19

They are steroids, which are not soluble in water.

Front 20

All of the following contain amino acids except

Back 20

cholesterol.

Front 21

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires

Back 21

the release of a water molecule.

Front 22

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

Back 22

different side chains (R groups) attached to an alpha (

Front 23

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires which of the following?

Back 23

removal of a water molecule

Front 24

Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they

Back 24

are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions.

Front 25

Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds?

Back 25

triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and protienes

Front 26

Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?

Back 26

99

Front 27

How many different kinds of polypeptides, each composed of 12amino acids, could be synthesized using the 20 common amino acids?

Back 27

2012

Front 28

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

Back 28

peptide bonds

Front 29

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

Back 29

hydrogen bonds

Front 30

Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet structure of proteins

Back 30

hydrogen bonds

Front 31

The alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms found in which level of protein structure?

Back 31

secondary

Front 32

The tertiary structure of a protein is the

Back 32

unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.

Front 33

A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape is a (an)

Back 33

disulfide bond.

Front 34

At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important?

Back 34

tertiary

Front 35

The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is—CH2—OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid alanine is—CH3. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?

Back 35

Alanine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.

Front 36

Misfolding of polypeptides isa serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded proteins?

Back 36

Alzheimer's and parkinsons only

Front 37

What would be an unexpected consequence of changing one amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids?

Back 37

The primarty structures of the protein will be changed, the teritiary strucutre of the protein might be changed, and the biological activity or function of the protein might be altered

Front 38

Altering which of the following levels of structural organization could change the function of a protein?

Back 38

all, primary secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Front 39

Roger Kornberg used this method for elucidating the structure of RNA polymerase.

Back 39

analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments

Front 40

Roger Kornberg used thismethod for elucidating the structure of RNA polymerase.

Back 40

X-ray crystallography

Front 41

Which of the following uses the amino acid sequences of polypeptides to predict a protein's three-dimensional structure?

Back 41

bioinformatics

Front 42

The function of each protein is a consequence of its specific shape. What is the term used for a change in a protein's three-dimensional shapeor conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds?

Back 42

denaturation

Front 43

What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?

Back 43

chaperonin

Front 44

DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?

Back 44

The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken.

Front 45

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?

Back 45

The 5' end hasa phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.

Front 46

Of the following functions, the major purpose of RNA is to

Back 46

function in the synthesis of protein.

Front 47

Which of the following best describes the flowof information in eukaryotic cells?

Back 47

DNA RNA proteins

Front 48

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Back 48

a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar

Front 49

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?

Back 49

cytosine and uracil

Front 50

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type?

Back 50

guanine and adenine

Front 51

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of

Back 51

120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules.

Front 52

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

Back 52

contains one less oxygen atom.

Front 53

In the double helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to

Back 53

guanine.

Front 54

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence

Back 54

????

Front 55

What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?

Back 55

complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases

Front 56

Which of the following is a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules?

Back 56

lipids

Front 57

Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

Back 57

nucleic acids

Front 58

Which term includes all others in the list?

Back 58

carbohydrate

Front 59

Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true?

Back 59

They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.

Front 60

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the

Back 60

primary level.

Front 61

Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

Back 61

5'-A-T-G-C-3' with 5'-G-C-A-T-3'