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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is matter? Give examples.
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- anything that takes up space and has mass
- eg.: rock, wood, air |
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What is an element? Give examples.
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- a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means
- eg.: oxygen, helium, hydrogen |
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What are the 4 main elements in our bodies?
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1. oxygen
2. carbon 3. nitrogen 4. hydrogen |
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What is a compound? Give examples.
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- a substance made up of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio
- eg.: water, carbon dioxide |
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What is an atom? Give examples.
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- smallest possible particle of an element
- carbon atom is smallest possible 'piece' of carbon |
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What are the 3 parts of an atom?
What charge does each have? |
1. proton -> positive
2. neutron -> neutral 3. electron -> negative |
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What is the structure of an atom? What is in the center (NUCLEUS) and what is on the outside?
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The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, while the outside is made of electrons.
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What is the ATOMIC NUMBER?
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It is equal to the number of protons.
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An atom has an atomic number of 6, how many protons does it have?
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6
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If the atom is neutral, how many electrons does it have?
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The same number as protons.
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What is the key to determining how an atom will react?
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By the organization of the atom's outer most electrons.
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How many electrons are found in the first energy level of an atom?
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2 electrons
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How many electrons are found in the second, third, fourth, etc. energy levels?
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8 electrons
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If an atom like Carbon, does not have all of its electrons in the outer most energy level, is it reactive?
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Yes, it is reactive.
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If an atom like Helium has all of its electrons in the outer most shell, is it reactive?
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No, it is not reactive - no space to add more electrons.
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What is an ionic bond? Examples?
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An ionic bond is formed between to oppositely charged ions. It occurs after one atom gives an electron to another atom.
NaCl (table salt) |
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What is an ion?
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It is an electrically charged particle, formed by gaining or losing an electron.
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What is the best example of an ionic bond?
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NaCl (table salt)
Na gave an electron to Cl. Na -> Na+ Cl -> Cl- |
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If an atom gains an electron, what charge does it have (positive or negative)?
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It becomes a negative ion.
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If an atom loses an electron, what charge does it have (positive or negative)?
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It becomes a positive ion.
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What is a covalent bond? Example?
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It is formed when 2 atoms share electrons. The bond between H and O in water.
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Suppose an atom can fit 8 electrons in its outer most shell but it only has 4 electrons, how many bonds can it form with Hydrogen?
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4 bonds
CH4 (methane) |
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What is a molecule? Example?
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A molecule is the smallest piece of a compound. It is made of 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. A water molecule is a good example.
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What is the difference between a chemical formula and a structural formula?
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Chemical formula: indicates the ratio of elements in the compound.
Structural formula: indicates the way in which the elements are linked. |
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What is a chemical reaction?
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The process by which one or more new substances are formed by rearranging existing substances by breaking and making bonds.
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