Biology Chapter 35

Front 1

kingdom animalia
-contains?
-des. of organisms in general

Back 1

-cell-specialization
-cell interdependancy
-95% invertebretes
-vertebretes

Front 2

phylum porifer
-literal meaning
-ex

Back 2

"bore-bearer"
sponges

Front 3

Characteristics of Phylum Porifer (5)
-where they live
looke like
size range
how they live
feeding

Back 3

1. most are marine
2. look like raw liver when living
3. less than 1 in to 6 feet
4. sessile
5. obtain food by pumping water into their hollow tube-like body (filter feeding)

Front 4

sponge wall
-mini des

Back 4

-not true layers

Front 5

epidermis of sponge wall

Back 5

outside protective layer

Front 6

middle layer of sponge wall

Back 6

jelly-like
contains spicules

Front 7

spicules

Back 7

act as skeleton for the sponge, providing support
-made of protein with soften water

Front 8

inside layer of sponge wall

Back 8

contains collar cells with flagella
-water enters sponge through incurrent pore
-contain amebocytes

Front 9

collar cells (choanocyte)

Back 9

have flagella which set up currents to draw water in to sponge

Front 10

amebocytes

Back 10

pick up food and oxygen from water & distribute the nutrients to the rest of the sponge body
-pick up Co2 (wastes) so they can be carried through the excurrent pore

Front 11

3 things amebocytes help with

Back 11

reproduction
respiration
feeding

Front 12

another name for incurrent pore

Back 12

pore cell

Front 13

another name for excurrent pore

Back 13

osciulum

Front 14

types of asexual budding in sponges (porifer)

Back 14

budding
gemmules

Front 15

Budding as asexual reprodution for sponges

Back 15

groups of cells enlarge, break off, live separately & grow into an adult
-unequal cell division

Front 16

gemmules

Back 16

buds with hard protective covers & food-filled, which allow buds to survive harsh conditions before growing into an adult

Front 17

sexual characteristics of sponges
-how (4)
-one more characteristic

Back 17

hemaphroditic- but does not produce egg & sperm at the same time
-sperm enter through pore cells of sponge by collar cells
-sperm are picked up by amebocytes & carried to egg
-fertilized egg develops into larva
-larva swims out of sponge & becomes sessile & develops into an adult

Front 18

regeneration in sponges?

Back 18

can grow missing parts
the less complex, the more able to regenerate

Front 19

sponges areprotists or animals?

Back 19

link between colonial protists & animals

Front 20

not one

Back 20

not one

Front 21

gemmules

Back 21

buds with hard protective covers & food-filled, which allow buds to survive harsh conditions before growing into an adult

Front 22

sexual characteristics of sponges
-how (4)
-one more characteristic

Back 22

hemaphroditic- but does not produce egg & sperm at the same time
-sperm enter through pore cells of sponge by collar cells
-sperm are picked up by amebocytes & carried to egg
-fertilized egg develops into larva
-larva swims out of sponge & becomes sessile & develops into an adult

Front 23

regeneration in sponges?

Back 23

can grow missing parts
the less complex, the more able to regenerate

Front 24

sponges areprotists or animals?

Back 24

link between colonial protists & animals

Front 25

not one

Back 25

not one

Front 26

Phylum Cnidaria
-ex

Back 26

hydra, jellyfish, man-of-war

Front 27

Class Hydrozoa
ex

Back 27

hydra/man-of-war

Front 28

Characteristics of Hydrozoa
a. freshwater vs. marine
b. layers
c.

Back 28

-freshwater
-3 layers, 2 are true
1. extoderm (epidermis)
2. mesoglea (not "true" one)
3. endoderm (gastrodermus)
-basal disk

Front 29

basal disk
-in what class
-des

Back 29

in Class Hydrozoa
- produces sticky substance for attachment to rocks & plants

Front 30

Nurtrition for Class Hydrozoa

Back 30

-mouth opening with stinging cells (enidoctyes) which contain harpoon like (hematoysts) things that capture prey
-stunned prey is forced into the stomach cavity/gastrovascular cavity/coelenteron
-digestive enzymes break down food for absorption
-undigested food comes back out of mouth (2-way tract)

Front 31

enidocytes

Back 31

stinging cells in hydra (class hydrazoa)

Front 32

hematoysts

Back 32

harpoon-like spears that attack hydra's prey (class hydrazoa)

Front 33

coelenteron

Back 33

stomach cavity/gastrovascular cavity

Front 34

Nervous system of Hydra (class hydrazoa)

Back 34

body is surrounded by nerve cells, which form nerve net, which allows hydra to curl up in to ball when touched

Front 35

Asexual reproduction of hydra (class hydrazoa)

Back 35

budding

Front 36

Sexual reproduction for hydra (class hydrazoa)

Back 36

sperm swim to eggs
-hermaphroditic
-separate sexes

Front 37

Portuguese man-of-war
-mini des

Back 37

colonial

Front 38

Class Seyphozoa
ex

Back 38

jelly fish

Front 39

body forms of jellyfish (class seyphozoa)

Back 39

polyp
medusa

Front 40

Polyp
def
ex

Back 40

tube shaped body with a basal disk (sticky substance for attachment) at one end and tentacles at the other
-ex hydra, young jellyfish

Front 41

medusa
def
ex

Back 41

round or bell-shaped with tentacles hanging from underneath; free-swimming
ex adult jelly fish

Front 42

when do cnidarians have these body forms?

Back 42

have at least one of these body forms during their life cycle, most have both

Front 43

planulae

Back 43

larval form of Cnidarians (free-swimming)

Front 44

Class Anthozoa
ex
4 des

Back 44

ex- sea anemones, corals, sea fans
1. all are polyps
2. all are marine
3. largest group of Cnidarians
4. symbiotic association with dinoflagellates

Front 45

not one

Back 45

not one

Front 46

sexual reproduction in sponges

Back 46

-hemaphroditic
-sperm enter through incurrent pore by collar cells
-picked up by amebocytes & carried to egg
-develops larva which swims out of sponge and becomes sessile and turns into an adult

Front 47

regeneration

Back 47

sponges can grow missing parts
(the less complex, the easier it is to regenerate)

Front 48

sponges are protists or animals?

Back 48

sponges are considered a link between colonial protists & animals

Front 49

Phylum Cnidaria
3 ex
1 characteristic

Back 49

hydra
jellyfish
portuguese man-of-war
radically symmetric

Front 50

characteristics of phylum cnidaria (hydra)

Back 50

-fresh water
-3 layers, 2 are true
1. epiderm (epidermis)
2. mesoglea (not "true" one)
3. endoderm (gastrodermus)
-basal disk