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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organic Compound
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A covalently bonded compound that contains carbon.
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Functional Group
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The portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds.
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Monomer
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A simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to form a polymer.
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Polymer
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A large molecule that is made up of more than five monomers.
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Macromolecule
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A very large organic molecule, usually a polymer, composed of hundreds or thousands of molecules.
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Condensation Reaction (Dehydration Synthesis)
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Water is taken away to build a polymer. Macromolecules are formed.
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Hydrolysis
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A chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two or more substances. When water is added to break apart a polymer.
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ATP
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An organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes. Composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups.
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Carbohydrate
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Small sugar molecules combined into one polymer called a polysaccharide (many sugars). Made up of C, H, and O. Provides nutrients to cells of living things.
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Monosaccharide
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The building blocks of carbohydrates (One sugar molecule). Simple sugar that can combine with other like molecules to make a polymer.
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Disaccharide
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A sugar formed from to monosaccharides. (Two sugar molecules.)
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Polysaccharides (Carbohydrates)
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One of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars. Polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen. (Many sugar molecules.)
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Protein (Polypeptides)
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An organic compound that is made up of one or more chains of amino acids and is a principal component of all cells.
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Amino Acids
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There are 20 amino acids, and all living things need all 20. Made up of R group, Amine group(NHH), and Carboxyl group (COOH). Are monomers/building blocks. They are made up of C, H, N, and O.
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Peptide Bonds
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The chemical bond that forms between the Carboxyl group of one amino acid, and the Amine group of another
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Polypeptide
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A long chain of several amino acids. They are proteins.
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Enzyme
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A type of protein of RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant or animal cells without being permanently changed or destroyed.
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Substrate
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The reactant in reactions catalyzed by elements. A part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, element, or substance.
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Active Site
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The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.
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Lipid
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A large, non polar organic molecule, including fats and steroids. Stores energy and makes up cell membranes. Made up of C, H, and O. Insulates from cold, protein from physical shock, chemical messengers/some hormones, makes up cell membranes.
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Fatty Acid
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An organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils.
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Phospholipid
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A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes.
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Wax
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A type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty acid chain that is joined to a long alcohol chain
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Steroid
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A type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and usually has a physiological action.
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Nucleic Acid
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An organic compound, RNA of DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or more nucleotide chains, and carry genetic info. Have genetic info that determines traits.
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
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The material that contains info that determines inherited characteristics.
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
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A natural polymer that is present in all living cells and plays a key role in protein synthesis. Transfers info from DNA to make proteins.
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Nucleotide
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A subunit of a nucleic acid chain that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. (Bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine.)
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