Biology Chapter 3

Front 1

compound made of primarily carbon atoms

Back 1

organic compound

Front 2

compounds that do not contain carbon atoms

Back 2

inorganic compounds

Front 3

bond formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons

Back 3

single bond

Front 4

bond in which atoms share two pairs of electrons, represented by two parallel lines

Back 4

double bond

Front 5

sharing of three pairs of electrons, shown by three parallel lines

Back 5

triple bond

Front 6

clusters of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecules they compose

Back 6

functional groups

Front 7

soluble in water

Back 7

hydrophilic

Front 8

organic compound with a hydroxyl group attached to one of its carbon atoms

Back 8

alcohol

Front 9

smaller, simpler molecules that bond to form polymers

Back 9

monomers

Front 10

molecule that consists of repeated, linked units

Back 10

polymer

Front 11

large polymers
includes carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Back 11

macromolecules

Front 12

chemical reaction through which monomers form polymers.
each time a monomer is added to a polymer, a water molecules is released

Back 12

condensation reaction

Front 13

process in which water is used to break down a polymer

Back 13

hydrolyisis

Front 14

compound that store a large amount of energy in their overall structure

Back 14

adenosine triphosphate
[atp]

Front 15

organic compounds composed of carbon

Back 15

carbohydrates

Front 16

the momomer of a carbohydrate

Back 16

monosaccharide

Front 17

when two monosaccharides combine in a condensation reaction to form a double suger

Back 17

disaccharide

Front 18

complex molecule composed of three more monosaccharides

Back 18

polysaccharide

Front 19

polysaccharide in which animals store glucose

Back 19

glycogen

Front 20

polysaccharide in which plants store glucose molecules

Back 20

starch

Front 21

makes up 50 percent of wood.
large polysaccharide made by plants

Back 21

cellulose

Front 22

organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Back 22

proteins

Front 23

monomers that link to form proteins

Back 23

amino acids

Front 24

the reactant being catalyzed

Back 24

substrate

Front 25

side chain that bonds at the fourth site of an amino acid.
can be complex or simple, gives proteins different shapes

Back 25

r group

Front 26

when carbon atoms are not bonded to the maximum number of atoms to which they can bond; instead have double bonds within the carbon chain

Back 26

unsaturated

Front 27

when each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four atoms

Back 27

saturated

Front 28

composed of three molecules of fatty acid joined to one molecule of glycerol

Back 28

triglyceride

Front 29

the two layers of phospholipids that make up a cell membrane

Back 29

lipid bilayer

Front 30

attracted to water molecules

Back 30

hydrophilic

Front 31

doesn't interact with water molecules; 'water fearing'

Back 31

hydrophobic

Front 32

these have two, rather than three, fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol, with a phosphate group attached to the third carbon of the glycerol

Back 32

phospholipids

Front 33

monomers that compose dna and rna polymers.
contain a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a ring shaped nitrogenous base

Back 33

nucleotide

Front 34

carboxyl [polar] &
hydro-carbon[nonpolar]

Back 34

the two ends of a fatty acid chain

Front 35

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, waxes, & pigments

Back 35

the five types of lipids

Front 36

because they have larger numbers of carbon-hydrogen bonds per gram

Back 36

why do lipid molecules store more energy per gram than other organic compounds?

Front 37

saturated and unsaturated

Back 37

two types of triglycerides

Front 38

protein that stimulates cells to take up glucose

Back 38

insulin

Front 39

the inability of the body to make or respond to insulin

Back 39

diabetes

Front 40

mainly fat

Back 40

when the body doesnt make/respond to insulin, a body's cells must switch to burning what as fuel?

Front 41

only that substrate fits into its active site

Back 41

why do enzymes act only on a specific substrate?

Front 42

enzyme's shape

Back 42

the linkage of enzyme and substrate creates a slight change in?

Front 43

reducing activation energy

Back 43

the change in the enzymes shape weakens some chemical bonds in the substrate, doing what?

Front 44

twenty

Back 44

how many amino acids are there?