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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ribosomes
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Makes Protiens
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Golgi Complex
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Packages and distriputes protiens
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Cytoplasm
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Where chemical reactions take place
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Nucleus
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Control center of the cell
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Nucleolus
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Makes ribosomes
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Nuclear Membrane
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Keeps gentic material inside - holds DNA
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Cell (Plasma) Membrane
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Lets stuff in and out of the cell
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Mitochondria
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Makes and stores energy - "power house"
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Rough ER
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Makes and transports protiens
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Vacuole
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Storage
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Cell Wall
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(Plant Cell Only) Extra Layer of support, structure
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Chloroplast
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Makes energy for cell through sugars
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Smooth ER
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Makes and transports Lipids
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What are the three (3) parts of the Cell Theory?
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(1) All living things are made of one or more cells. (2) Cells are the basic units of stucture and function in organisms
(3) All cells arise from existing cells |
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How many cells are in the human body?
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100 Trillion
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What other things beside cytoplasm does the cell membrane let enter and exit?
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Gases, Nutrients, and Wastes
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What three (3) things does DNA do?
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(1) Making Proteins
(2) Regulates Cellular Activities (3) Enables cells to reproduce |
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When did early prokaryotes live on Earth?
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3.5 Billion Years Ago
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What is a modern example of prokaryote?
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Bacteria
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How is the DNA arranged in a prokaryote?
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The genetic material is a single circular molecule of DNA located near the center of the cell, suspended within the cytoplasm
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What structure surrounds the cell wall in some prokaryotes?
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Capsule
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When did the first eukaryotic cells evolve
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2.5 Billion years ago
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What two (2) functions does cilia serve?
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(1) Propels some cells through their environment
(2) Move substances across the cells surface |
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Prokaryotes
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A single celled organism that lacks a nucleus and toher internal compartments
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Eukaryote
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An organism whose cells have a nucleus
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Organelle
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A structure that carries out specific activites in the cell
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Cilia
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Short, hairlike structures
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What makes up the cytoskelton?
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A web of protien fibers
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What two (2) functions deos the cytoskeleton serve in the cell?
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(1) Holds the cell together
(2) Keeps the cell's membranes from collapsing |
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Is the cell membrane like a shell or a soap bubble
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Soap Bubble
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What type of molecule causes the membrane to be fluid
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Lipids
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The cell membrane is selectively permeable, what does that mean?
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Picky. Some stuff in, but not all stuff
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Phospholipid
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A lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids
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What part of the phosholipid is polar?
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The head
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What part of the phosholipid is nonpolar?
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The tail
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Which part of the phospholipid is attracted to water?
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The head
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Which part of the phospholipid is repelled by water?
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the tails
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Lipid Bilayer
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The layers in which phospholipids are arranged in
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What kind of substances can pass through the lipid bilayer
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Nonpolar substances (lipids) water
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Marker Proteins
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Attach to a carbohydrate on the cells surface advertise cell types.
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Receptor Protein
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Bind specific substances, such as signel molecules, outside the cell
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Transport Protein
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Aid the movement of substances into and out of the cell
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What surrounds the nucleus?
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A nuclear membrane
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How does materials pass out of the nucleus?
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Pass through the nuclear pores
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What structure is inside the nucleus?
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Nucleolus
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What does this stucture make?
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Ribosomes
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What does DNA look like in the nucleus most of the time?
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Long, thin strands
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What is the name for long thin strands in the nucleus?
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Chromosomes
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How many chromosomes do human body cells have?
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46
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How many chromosomes do garden peas have?
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14
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What organelle makes proteins in a cell?
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Ribosomes
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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ER - An extensive system of internal membranes that move proteins and other substances through the cell
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How is it like the cell membrane
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2 Layers of Lipids + Proteins
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ER with ribosomes attached to is called
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Rough ER
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What does the Rough ER Do?
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Makes and moves proteins
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Vessicle
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A small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells
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ER with no ribosomes attached is called
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Smooth ER
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What does smooth ER do?
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Making and transporting lipids
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What two major events take place once proteins enter the golgi apparatus?
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(1) Enzyme modifies protiens
(2) Protein wrapped in a vossicale (package) |
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Name the two membranes that a mitachondrion has
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Inner and Outer
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what are three ways that plant cells are different from animal cells
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Plant cells have chloroplast, central vacuole and a cell wall
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