Biology Chapter 2

Front 1

Evolution

Back 1

the change that occurs in organisms' characteristics through time

Front 2

ecology

Back 2

how organisms live in their environment

Front 3

___________ was the first to propose natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.

Back 3

Charles Darwin.

Front 4

Natural Selection produces diversity through _________.

Back 4

adaptation

Front 5

5 levels of organization (small to big)

Back 5

Population, Communities, Ecosystems, Biomes, biosphere

Front 6

population

Back 6

individuals of the same species that live together

Front 7

community

Back 7

populations of different species that live together in the same place

Front 8

ecosystem

Back 8

a community and the nonliving factors with which it interacts

Front 9

biomes

Back 9

major terrestrial assembleges of plants, animals and microorganisms that occur over wide geographical areas that have distinct physical characteristics.

Front 10

species

Back 10

sexually reproducing organsims that limit mating to others of their own kind. (reproductively isolated)

Front 11

biosphere

Back 11

all the world's biomes, along with its marine and fresh water assembleges

Front 12

describe the food chain

Back 12

energy flows through an ecosystem from plant to herbivore to carnivore.

Front 13

An _________ is a dynamic ecological system that consumes engergy and cycles materials.

Back 13

ecosystem

Front 14

Niche

Back 14

(pattern of living) the sum total of all the ways an organism uses the resources of its environment

Front 15

_______ enhance fitness in a niche.

Back 15

adaptations

Front 16

Fitness

Back 16

a measure of reproductive success

Front 17

Resource partitioning

Back 17

species that live in the same geographical area avoid competition by living in different protions of the "habitat" or by using different food or other resources.

Front 18

Habitat

Back 18

the place where an organism lives

Front 19

character displacements

Back 19

the changes that evolve in 2 species to reduce niche overlap (to lessen the degree to which they compete for the same resources)

Front 20

Innate Capacity for Increas

Back 20

(Biotic Potential), the rate at hich a population will increase when there are no limits on its rate of growth

Front 21

Realized rate of population increase (r)

Back 21

the number of individuals added to the population minus the number lost from it

Front 22

Immigrants and Emmigrants

Back 22

Immigrants are new individuals entering and residing with the population whereas emmigrants are those leaving it.

Front 23

what is the formula for r (realized rate of population increase)?

Back 23

r=(birth + immigration)- (death + emmigration)

Front 24

Exponential Growth

Back 24

the number of individuals grows rapidly at first, as the number of individuals is increasing exponentially

Front 25

why are species repoductively isolated?

Back 25

because they have similar adaptations

Front 26

Carryin Capacity (k)

Back 26

a population ultimately stabilizes at a certain size.

Front 27

if N= the number of individuals present at any one time what is the populatio growth rate?

Back 27

=rN([k-N]/k)

Front 28

what are life history strategies?

Back 28

The particular set of adaptation that adusts an organism's reproductive rate to its environment

Front 29

population growth is limited by ________.

Back 29

The ability of the environment to support the population.

Front 30

Ecological Footprint

Back 30

the amount of productive land required to support an individual at the standard of living of a particular propulation through the course of his/her life.

Front 31

Fitness

Back 31

a measure of reproductive success

Front 32

Resource partitioning

Back 32

species that live in the same geographical area avoid competition by living in different protions of the "habitat" or by using different food or other resources.

Front 33

Habitat

Back 33

the place where an organism lives

Front 34

character displacements

Back 34

the changes that evolve in 2 species to reduce niche overlap (to lessen the degree to which they compete for the same resources)

Front 35

Innate Capacity for Increas

Back 35

(Biotic Potential), the rate at hich a population will increase when there are no limits on its rate of growth

Front 36

Realized rate of population increase (r)

Back 36

the number of individuals added to the population minus the number lost from it

Front 37

Immigrants and Emmigrants

Back 37

Immigrants are new individuals entering and residing with the population whereas emmigrants are those leaving it.

Front 38

what is the formula for r (realized rate of population increase)?

Back 38

r=(birth + immigration)- (death + emmigration)

Front 39

Exponential Growth

Back 39

the number of individuals grows rapidly at first, as the number of individuals is increasing exponentially

Front 40

why are species repoductively isolated?

Back 40

because they have similar adaptations

Front 41

Carryin Capacity (k)

Back 41

a population ultimately stabilizes at a certain size.

Front 42

if N= the number of individuals present at any one time what is the populatio growth rate?

Back 42

=rN([k-N]/k)

Front 43

what are life history strategies?

Back 43

The particular set of adaptation that adusts an organism's reproductive rate to its environment

Front 44

population growth is limited by ________.

Back 44

The ability of the environment to support the population.

Front 45

Ecological Footprint

Back 45

the amount of productive land required to support an individual at the standard of living of a particular propulation through the course of his/her life.