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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Take home message?
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Prokars have very diverse ways of acquiring their energy. They can use alternate metabolic pathways for metabolism.
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Entner-Doudoroff pathway?
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Alternate Glucose metabolism pathway. Yields 2 NADPH and 1 ATP per glucose.
- Can be distinguished from glycolsis in clinical tests, which helps determine causative organism of infection. |
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API-20E test?
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Determines species of bacteria by determining what they use for food. Yellow = no growth.
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Chemo vs. photo?
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Chemotrophs use organic or inorganic compounds for their energy source.
Photos use light. Carbon source further differentiates them: within chemo (1) organics -- chemoheterotroph, (2) CO2 chemo AUTOtrophs. Within photos (1) organics photoheterotroph, (2) CO2 photoAUTOtroph, FInally, final e- acceptor? In chemo, (1) o2 = O2, (2) not 02 either organic or not organic. In photo, use h20 to donate e-? (1) yes, plants. (2) no, bacteria. |
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What can bacterias use to donate the final e=?
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H2S (sulfur), H2, simple organic acids, etc. Photoautotrophic anerobes. They DO NOT give off o2 in the early parts of photosystem II.
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Chemoautotrophs energy source?
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They use simple inorganic compounds, like sulfur, iron, hydrogen. The energy is produced from the oxidization of these inorganic electron donors. e.g., if H2 is the electron donor, its electron gets passed along the electron transport chain, ultimately culminating in the production of NADH and ATP
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How do legumes get their energy?
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They have bacterias on them that take nitrogen (n2) form the air, and slowly convert it to NH3 (ammonia) for them to use as food.
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Main lesson from this diversity?
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Live can exist and thrive just about anywhere, as long as there is some degree of energy.
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Switching energy modes?
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Some bacteria (like purple non-sulfur bacteria) can switch energy modes depending on what's available:
(1) Anaerobic photoautotrophy - H2 donates e- to bacterio-chlorophyll (2) Anaerobic photoheterotrophy - simple organic sugars (malate or succinate) donate e- to photosystem & are also used as carbon source. (3) Aerobic chemoheterotropy - malate or succinate are used as carbon and energy source. Electron transport chain passes e- to O2. **Thus, they can exist in 3/4 of the potential energy systems. |
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What is bioremediation?
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Having bacterias eat what we don't want. Most natural compounds can be broken down by some organisms.
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In real life?
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They took terpene bacteria, and fed them only crude oil until they get a mutated strand that prefers oil. Then they add these to the oil spills.
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Bioremediation, minamata disease, and mercury?
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There was a lethal amount of mercury being put into the water supplies by big companies. They took bacteria (pseduomonas bacteria) to convert the methyl mercury into its much less toxic counterpart, elemental mercury.
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Three practical problems with biorem?
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1) Giving the bacteria a 'balanced diet'
2) Target of bioremediation may not have much potential energy Therefore not as much energy for growth - slow growth 3) Other environmental features - e.g. amount of oxygen available or temperature e.g., gulf of mexico oil spill was easier to clean up because there was more o2, and a higher temperature. |
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Preventing biodegradation?
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There are things we DONT want to degrade from bacterias -- like dentures, oil pipeplines, etc.
So we must develop resistant products. This is, of course, a double edged sword, as now a lot of these things will never biodegrade (plastics). |
