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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a CELL DIVISION?
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The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells.
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What is the CELL CYCLE?
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The life of a cell from when it is first formed from a dividing parent, until its own division into two cells.
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What is a GENE?
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A cell's endowment of DNA, its genetic information.
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How is the replication and distribution of so much DNA manageable during cell division?
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B/c DNA molecules are packed into CHROMOSOMES.
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What is a SOMATIC CELL?
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Encompass all human cells except reproductive cells.
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What is a GAMETE?
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A human reproductive cell.
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What are eukaryotic cells made of?
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CHROMATIN (a complex of DNA and associated protein molecules).
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Does DNA go into the CHROMOSOMES?
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Each single chromosome contains one very long linear DNA molecule that carries several hundred to a few thousand genes.
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What is the CENTROMERE?
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A 'waist' region where the two sister chromatids are most likely joined.
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What is MITOSIS?
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The division of the nucleus.
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What follows MITOSIS?
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CYTOKINESIS (the division of the cytoplasm).
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What is MEIOSIS?
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A variation of cell division which yields nonidentical daughter cells that have only one set of chromosomes (23)
- MEIOSIS only occurs in the gonads (overies or testes) |
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Outline the PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE are there? Name them.
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1. MITOTIC PHASE (the shortest part of the cycle)- includes both mitosis and cytokinesis - Mitosis occurs at the end.
2. INTERPHASE (often accounts for up to 90% of the cycle) - alternates with the MITOTIC PHASE. - It is during this phase that the cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preperationf ro cell division. |
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Name the sub-phases that break up the INTERPHASE.
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1. G1 PHASE - "the first gap"
2. S PHASE - synthesis 3. G2 PHASE - "second gap" |
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As the cell grows, what is going on?
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The cell grows by producing proteins, cytoplasmic organelles (mitrochondria and the ER...)
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When are CHROMOSOMES DUPLICATED?
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Only during the S phase.
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How long does cell division take in humans?
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One division in 24 hours
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How many phases are there in MITOSIS?
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FIVE:
1. Prophase 2. Prometaphase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase. |
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What is the CENTROSOME?
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A nonmembraneous organelle that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cell's microtubules
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Why is CYTOKIONESIS different in plant celLs?
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B/c they have walls.
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What are PROTEIN KINASES?
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Enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by phophorylating them.
- Particular protein kinass give the go-aheadsignas at the G1 and G2 checkpoints. |
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What makes a PROTEIN KINANSES active, thus assisting with the driving of the cell cycle.
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PK are mostly inactive, unless they are attached to CYCLIN.
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What is CYCLIN?
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A protein that gets its name from its cyclically fluctuating concenration in the cell.
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What is CdK?
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CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASES.
- The activity of CdK rises and falls with the changes in concentration of its cyclin artner. |
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What was the name of the CdK complex that was discovered first?
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MPF. (maturation promoing factor)
- It triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase. |
