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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who used pea plants to study the inheritance of traits?
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Gregor Mendel
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What is the offspring that crosses between parents with different traits called?
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Hybrids
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When Greg Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, the F1 plants inherited what traits?
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an allele for tallness from the tall parent and an allele of shortness from the short parent.
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What were the offsprings when Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants?
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the offsprings when Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants were ALL TALL BECAUSE THE ALLELE FOR TALL PLANTS IS DOMINANT.
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What are organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular traits called?
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organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular traits called HOMOZYGOUS.
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What is the haploid number if an organism's diploid number is 12?
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If an organism's diploid number is 12, the HAPLOID NUMBER IS 6.
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What do gametes have?
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Gametes have ONE ALLELE FOR EACH GENE.
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What process produces gametes?
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Gametes are produced by the process of MEIOSIS.
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What phrase does chromosomes form tetrads?
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Chromosomes form tetrads during METAPHASE I OF MEIOSIS.
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of what cell?
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of HAPLOID CELLS.
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What is formed as the result of meiosis?
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HAPLOID CELLS
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What is the results of crossing over?
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GENETIC RECOMBINATION
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What is shown along the sides of the Punnett square that produced by each parent?
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The GAMETES produced by each parent are shown along the sides of a Punnett square.
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What describes an organism that has the genotype Bb?
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heterozygous
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Mendel's law of segregation states that during meiosis, the factors that control each trait separate and only _____ from each pair is passed to the offspring.
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One Factor
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What is called the passing of traits from parents to offsprings?
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HEREDITY
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What is diploid?
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Cells contining two alleles for each trait are described as diploid.
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What is the gamete that contains genes that is contributed only by the mother?
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The gamete that contains genes contributed only by the mother is AN EGG.
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How can you determine the dog's phenotype?
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The dog's phenotype can be determined by LOOKING AT THE DOG.
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Gene located on homologous chromosomes may have alternate froms that control different forms of a trait. What are these alternate forms of a gene called?
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ALLELES
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In chickens, rose comb (R) is dominant to single comb (r). A homozygouse rose-combed rooster is mated with a single-combed hen. All the chicks in the F1 generation were kep together as a group for several years. They were allowed to mate only with their own group. What is the expected phenotype of the F2 chicks?
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75% rose comb and 25% single comb
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What is a cross involving two different traits?
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DEHYBRID
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What is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?
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CROSSING OVER
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What is the uniting of the male and female gametes?
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Fertilization
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What is the cell that is produced when a male gamete fuses with a female gamete?
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Zygote
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What is the type of cell division that produces gametes?
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Meiosis
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What is a cell that contains one member of each chromosome pair?
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Haploid
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What is homozygous?
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The alleles present for a trait are the same.
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What is the passing of characteristics from parents to offspring called?
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Heredity
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Define genetics.
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Genetics is the scientific study of heredity.
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How many set of chromsomes are in a diploid cell?
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A diploid cell has two sets of chromosomes.
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Define homologous chromosomes.
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Homologous chromosomes are the two sets of chromsomes found in a body cell-- one set inherited from the MALE parent and the other from FEMALE parent.
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What happens to the number of chromosomes per cell during meiosis?
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The number of chromosomes are cut in half.
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Contrast the cells produced by mitosis with those produced by meiosis.
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Mitosis produces diploid body cells, whereas meiosis produces haploid gametes.
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Explain how nondisjunction can result in a individual having an extra chromosome
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Nondisjunction is a failure of homologous chromsomes to separate properly during meiosis. When this happens one gamete can receive both homologous chromosomes.
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What is this figure?
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Anaphase I of meiosis
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