Biology Chapter 1 Keywords

Front 1

abstract

Back 1

opening section of a scientific paper summarizes the research and conclusions

Front 2

applied science

Back 2

form of science that aims to solve real-world problems

Front 3

atom

Back 3

smallest and most fundamental unit of matter

Front 4

basic science

Back 4

science that seeks to expand knowledge and understanding regardless of the short-term application of that knowledge

Front 5

biochemistry

Back 5

study of the chemistry of biological organisms

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biology

Back 6

the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments

Front 7

biosphere

Back 7

collection of all the ecosystems on earth

Front 8

botany

Back 8

study of plants

Front 9

cell

Back 9

smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things

Front 10

community

Back 10

set of populations inhabiting a particular area

Front 11

conclusion

Back 11

section of a scientific paper that summarizes the importance of the experimental findings

Front 12

control

Back 12

part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment

Front 13

deductive reasoning

Back 13

form of logical thinking that uses a general inclusive statement to forecastspecific results

Front 14

descriptive science

Back 14

(also, discovery science) form of science that aims to observe, explore, andinvestigate

Front 15

discussion

Back 15

section of a scientific paper in which the author interprets experimental results,describes how variables may be related, and attempts to explain the phenomenon in question

Front 16

ecosystem

Back 16

all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of thatenvironment

Front 17

eukaryote

Back 17

organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles

Front 18

evolution

Back 18

process of gradual change during which new species arise from older species and somespecies become extinct

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falsifiable

Back 19

able to be disproven by experimental results

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homeostasis

Back 20

ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions

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hypothesis

Back 21

suggested explanation for an observation, which can be tested

Front 22

hypothesis-based science

Back 22

form of science that begins with a specific question and potentialtestable answers

Front 23

inductive reasoning

Back 23

form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a generalconclusion

Front 24

introduction

Back 24

opening section of a scientific paper, which provides background information aboutwhat was known in the field prior to the research reported in the paper

Front 25

life science

Back 25

field of science, such as biology, that studies living things

Front 26

macromolecule

Back 26

large molecule, typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules

Front 27

materials and methods

Back 27

section of a scientific paper that includes a complete description of thesubstances, methods, and techniques used by the researchers to gather data

Front 28

microbiology

Back 28

study of the structure and function of microorganisms

Front 29

molecular biology

Back 29

study of biological processes and their regulation at the molecular level,including interactions among molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins

Front 30

molecule

Back 30

chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemicalbonds

Front 31

natural science

Back 31

field of science that is related to the physical world and its phenomena andprocesses

Front 32

neurobiology

Back 32

study of the biology of the nervous system

Front 33

organ

Back 33

collection of related tissues grouped together performing a common function

Front 34

organ system

Back 34

level of organization that consists of functionally related interacting organs

Front 35

organelle

Back 35

small structures that exist within cells and carry out cellular functions

Front 36

organism

Back 36

individual living entity

Front 37

paleontology

Back 37

study of life’s history by means of fossils

Front 38

peer-reviewed manuscript

Back 38

scientific paper that is reviewed by a scientist’s colleagues who areexperts in the field of study

Front 39

phylogenetic tree

Back 39

diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among various biologicalspecies based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both; in essence, ahypothesis concerning evolutionary connections

Front 40

physical science

Back 40

field of science, such as geology, astronomy, physics, and chemistry, that studiesnonliving matter

Front 41

plagiarism

Back 41

using other people’s work or ideas without proper citation, creating the false impressionthat those are the author’s original ideas

Front 42

population

Back 42

all of the individuals of a species living within a specific area

Front 43

prokaryote

Back 43

single-celled organism that lacks organelles and does not have nuclei surrounded by anuclear membrane

Front 44

results

Back 44

section of a scientific paper in which the author narrates the experimental findings andpresents relevant figures, pictures, diagrams, graphs, and tables, without any furtherinterpretation

Front 45

review article

Back 45

paper that summarizes and comments on findings that were published as primaryliterature

Front 46

science

Back 46

knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially whenacquired and tested by the scientific method

Front 47

scientific method

Back 47

method of research with defined steps that include observation, formulation of ahypothesis, testing, and confirming or falsifying the hypothesis

Front 48

serendipity

Back 48

fortunate accident or a lucky surprise

Front 49

theory

Back 49

tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena

Front 50

tissue

Back 50

group of similar cells carrying out related functions

Front 51

variable

Back 51

part of an experiment that the experimenter can vary or change

Front 52

zoology

Back 52

study of animals