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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Science
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A body of facts that man has gathered by observing the physical universe
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Fact
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Something that is true
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Doctrine of Humors
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-States that living things are composed of four fluids, or "humors"
-Held by Hippocrates (about 350 B.C.) |
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Doctrine of Signatures
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-Held by the Babylonians
-Belief that when God cursed man with diseases, He mercifully left in the physical world signs, or "signatures" of cures for these diseases -ie. leaf shaped like a liver (liverwort), or a leaf shaped like a lung (lungwort) |
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Infusion
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Made by boiling animal or plant material in water
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Microbes
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Small organisms
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Logical Reasoning
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-A thought process
-Usually classified as INDUCTIVE or DEDUCTIVE |
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Inductive Reasoning
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Begins with a number of observed facts and derives from them a general conclusion
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Deductive Reasoning
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Begins with a general principle assumed to be true and draws conclusions about particulars
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Faith
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What a person believes
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Truth
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God's Word
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Realm of Science
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Man's observations of the physical world
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Revealed Truth
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-Those truths which God recorded in Scripture, whether or not man has scientifically proved it
-If it is in the Bible, it is already true, without other proof |
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Unrevealed Truth
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Those truths, the natural laws, that God established but did not reveal in Scripture
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Fallacy
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-Any statement not part of revealed or unrevealed truth
-That which is contradicted by God's revealed truth, no matter how scientific, how commonly believed, or how apparently workable it may seem; or that which is contradicted by scientific evidence. |
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Theory
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That which is thought to be true, is not revealed truth, but may be part of unrevealed truth
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Truth by Definition
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That which is true because man has defined it, as in mathematics, grammar, spelling, and meaning of words
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Scientific Method
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-A method of reasoning that you use daily
-A method of inquiry involving observation, experiments, hypotheses, and broad explanations call theories -One logical approach to the solution of scientific problems |
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Steps of the Scientific Method
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-Observation
-Hypothesis -Experiment |
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Observation
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-Using your senses to obtain information directly
-In science, often involves a measurement |
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Hypothesis
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-An educated guess which attempts to answer the problem
-A proposed explanation for observations -Tested by two different types of activities: experiment or survey |
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Experiment
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-A means to test a hypothesis
-A carefully controlled, repeatable procedure for gathering data to test a hypothesis -An activity that is tailored to answer the problem precisely |
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Preliminary Steps of the Scientific Method
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-Define the problem
-Do preliminary research -Form the hypothesis |
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Research
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-Becoming, or to become, familiar in the relevant area of science
-An investigation into a topic often carried on by reading, inquiry, or scientific observation |
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Survey
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-Answering a problem that asks what exists in a particular area, or what is common practice, etc
-Conducted through simple research or by directly asking large groups of people |
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7 Steps of the Experiment
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-OBSERVE
-COLLECT -CLASSIFY -ANALYZE -CHOOSE -VERIFY -PREDICT |
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Theory
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-An idea supported by many observations
-A Broad and extensively tested explanation of why experiments give certain results -A thoroughly tested model that explains why experiments give certain results |
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Data
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-Recorded information yielded by an experiment
-Recorded information from an experiment or survey |
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Controlled Experiment
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-Has two identical groups
-Has one difference between the groups -The ideal scientific experiment |
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Experimental Variable
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The difference between the two groups in a controlled experiment
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Control Group
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The group NOT exposed to the experimental variable
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Experimental Group
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The group exposed to the experimental variable
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Bias
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What someone WANTS to believe
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Workable
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Information (data) gained by the scientific method
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Workability
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If a piece of information (data) can be used to predict outcomes in similar situations (laboratory or real world environments)
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Biogenesis
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The concept that only living things can generate living things
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Spontaneous Generation
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The concept that organisms come to life from nonliving substances
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Sterile
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Without living material present
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Pure Science
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Knowledge that scientific activities have produced
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Applied Science
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USING knowledge gained through scientific activities
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2 Types of Applied Science
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-Research Method
-Technical Method |
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Research Method
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-Recording, classifying and analyzing data
-Choosing an answer and verifying it -Making predictions |
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Technical Method
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The use of prescribed techniques to obtain information about a particular example
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Worship
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Man's recognizing his insignificance and turning his thoughts in love, reverence, adoration, and obedience to the almighty God
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Biology
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Study of life
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10 Attribute of Life
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-Movement
-Growth -Reproduction -Comes from similar preexisting life -Similar chemical makeup -Made up of cells -Irritability -Requires energy -Maintains a high level of organization -Faces death |
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Living Condition
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-A very complex phenomenon
-Posessing all 10 attributes of life |
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Movement
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-Internal movement (ie. blood pumping)
-External locomotion (walking, crawling) |
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Growth
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-Achieved BY an organism, not DONE TO it
-Happens by assimilation |
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Assimilation
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-Assembling the component parts which make up the living material of cells
-How all organisms grow |
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Reproduction
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The making of another organism which has characteristics and limitations similar to the original
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Variations
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-The differences between different individual organisms of the same kind
-Difference based on genotype -The expression of different individual characteristics in organisms of the same kind |
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Organic Chemicals
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-Substances which living things produce
-Always contain carbon, in varying amounts |
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Protoplasm
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-The living material of an organism
-All the living substances within a cell |
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Inorganic
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Those substances that are not alive and have never been alive, such as rocks, water, steel, and glass
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Cells
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-Units of protoplasm, which are limited by the membranes they manufacture
-The unit of function and structure of life |
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Irritability
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-The capacity to respond to stimuli
-A living organism's response to various forces in its' environment -The ability to respond to changes in the environment |
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Energy
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-The ability to do work
-Required by all living things in a constant supply -Obtained by humans from FOOD |
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Food
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-defined as organic, energy- containing substances
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Organization
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-Required in order to be alive, to an extremely high degree
-Required of a collection or "body" of molecules -Maintains the organized complex of molecules which form the very structures of all living things |
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Life
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-A condition, a state in which something exists
-Defined as a highly organized cellular condition, which is derived from preexisting cellular life; requires energy to carry on processes such as growth, movement, reproduction, and responses; and faces death |
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Hebrews 9:27
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"For it is appointed unto men once to die"
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Simple Microscope
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Microscope with one lens
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Compound Microscope
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Microscope with two lenses or two sets of lenses
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Father of Microscopy
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Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
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