Biology Chapter 1

Front 1

Seed

Back 1

An embryo surrounded by a store of food and a protective coat

Front 2

Evolution

Back 2

The process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today

Front 3

Biology

Back 3

The scientific study of life or posing questions about the living world and seeking answers through scientific inquiry

Front 4

Properties of life

Back 4

Order, Energy Processing, Evolutionary adaptations, Regulation, Growth and Development, Response to the environment, and Reproduction.

Front 5

The Biosphere

Back 5

all life on Earth and all the places where life exists

Front 6

Ecosystems

Back 6

Consists of all living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts

Front 7

Communities

Back 7

An array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

Front 8

Populations

Back 8

Consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area

Front 9

Organisms

Back 9

Individual living things

Front 10

Organs and Organ Systems

Back 10

A body part that carries out a pparticular function in the body

Front 11

Tissues

Back 11

A group of cells working together to perform a specific function

Front 12

Cell

Back 12

Life's fundamental unit of structure and function

Front 13

Organelles

Back 13

Various functional components present in cells, like chloroplasts in plant cells

Front 14

Molecules

Back 14

A chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms

Front 15

Systems Biology

Back 15

the exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among parts

Front 16

Eukaryotic Cell

Back 16

A cell that contains membrane-enclosed organelles

Front 17

Prokaryotic Cell

Back 17

A cell that lacks a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles

Front 18

DNA

Back 18

Deoxyribonucleic Acid are genetic materials inside of chromosomes

Front 19

Genes

Back 19

Each section of the DNA of a chromosome

Front 20

Nucleotide

Back 20

Building Blocks of DNA. A, T, C, G

Front 21

Gene Expression

Back 21

information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product

Front 22

Genome

Back 22

The entire "library" of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

Front 23

Genomics

Back 23

The study of whole sets of genes in one or more species

Front 24

Proteomics

Back 24

The study of sets of proteins and their properties

Front 25

Bioinformatics

Back 25

The use of computational tolls to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high-throughput methods

Front 26

Producers

Back 26

Photosynthetic organisms

Front 27

Consumers

Back 27

Organisms that feed on producers or other consumers for energy

Front 28

Enzymes

Back 28

Catalysts that speed up the chemical reaction of a certain kind

Front 29

Feedback Regulation

Back 29

The output of a process regulates that very process

Front 30

Negative Feedback

Back 30

A loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus

Front 31

Positive Feedback

Back 31

A loop in which an end product speeds up its own production

Front 32

Taxonomy

Back 32

The branch of biology that names and classifies species

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

Front 33

Domain

Back 33

Highest level of Taxonomy which includes Archaea, bacteria, and Eukarya

Front 34

Eukarya

Back 34

Contains three Kingdoms, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

Front 35

Plants

Back 35

produce their own sugars and other food molecules by photosynthesis

Front 36

Fungi

Back 36

Absorb dissolved nutrients from their surroundings

Front 37

Animals

Back 37

Obtain food by eating and digesting other organisms

Front 38

Protists

Back 38

Single celled organisms that use to have a Kingdom of their own

Front 39

Theory of Natural Selection

Back 39

First, individuals in a population vary in their traits, mainly hereditary

Second, a population can produce far more offspring than can survive to produce offspring of their own, competition is inevitable

Third, species generally suit their environment

Front 40

Science

Back 40

The way of knowing; an approach to understanding the natural world

Front 41

Inquiry

Back 41

A search of information and explanations of natural phenomena

Front 42

Process of Inquiry

Back 42

Includes making observations, forming logical, testable hypothesis, and testing them

Front 43

Hypothesis

Back 43

Testable Explanations or a tentative answer to a well-framed question

Front 44

Observation

Back 44

the gathering of information either through direct use of the senses or with the help of tools such as microscopes, thermometers, and balances that extend our senses

Front 45

Data

Back 45

Recorded observations

Front 46

Qualitative Data

Back 46

form of recorded descriptions rather than numerical measurements

Front 47

Quantitative Data

Back 47

Generally expressed as numerical measurements and often organized into table and graphs

Front 48

Inductive Reasoning

Back 48

derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations, like "all organisms are made of cells" and "The sun always rises in the East"

Front 49

Experiment

Back 49

a scientific test carried out under controlled conditions; involves manipulation of one factor in a system in order to see the effects of changing it

Front 50

Variables

Back 50

Factors that vary in an experiment

Front 51

Controlled Experiment

Back 51

one that is designed to compare an experimental group with a controlled group

Front 52

Independent variable

Back 52

the factor that is manipulated by the researchers

Front 53

Dependent Variable

Back 53

a factor that is measured in the experiment

Front 54

Deductive Reasoning

Back 54

Logic that flows from the general to the specific,

Front 55

Model Organism

Back 55

a species that is easy to grow in the lab and lends itself particularly well to the questions being investigated

Front 56

Technology

Back 56

to apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose