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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atom
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UNit of an element
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Molecule
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Unit of a compound
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organic compounds
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-made by living systems and contain carbons.
- include carbs, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids. |
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carbohydrates
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are used as storage forms of energy or as a structural molecules.
ex: glucose/glycogen store energy in animals starch stores energy in plants. |
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Monosaccharides
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ex. glucose, fructose = single sugar subunits
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Disaccharides
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ex. maltose and sucrose
composed by dehydration synthesis, a reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule. |
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Polysaccharides
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formed by removing water from a molecule. By contrast, adding water to large polymers breaks it down to smaller subunits called hydrolysis.
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Lipids
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3 fatty acid molecules and a glycerol
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Lipids
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= chief means of food storage in animals
- provides insulation & protection against injury. |
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Waxes
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found as protective coatings on skin, fur, leaves of higher plants, and on many exo skeletons of insects.
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Steroids
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ex: cholesterol the sex hormones testosterone & estrogen, and corticosteroids.
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Carotenoids
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pigments that produce red, yellow, orange, and brown colors in animals and plants. Subgroups are called carotenes & xanthophylls.
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Porphyrins
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often complexed with a metal.
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Proteins
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-polymers of amino acids.
-A.A. are connected by peptide bonds. Chains of such bonds produce a polypeptide. |
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SImple Proteins
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composed entirely of amino acids
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Scleroproteins
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structural protein ex. Collagen
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Muco-proteins
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binded to carbs.
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Hormones
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proteins that function as chemical messengers secreted into the circulation. Insulin & ACTH are protein hormones
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Enzymes
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biological catalysts that act by increasing the rate of chemical reactions important for biological functions.
EX: amylase, lipase, ATPase |
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Structural Proteins
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maybe extracellular = ex. collagen in cartilage bone
maybe intracellular = ex. proteins in cell membrane |
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Transport Proteins
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carriers of important materials. ex: hemoglobin carries oxygen in circulation. cytochromes carry electrons during cellular respiration.
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Antibodies
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bind to foreign particles (antigens) including disease causing organisms, that have entered the body and start a chain of events to protect against them.
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