Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Oligo
|
Few
|
|
|
Poly
|
Many (more than a few)
|
|
|
Pro
|
Before
|
|
|
Sym or Syn
|
With
|
|
|
Para
|
Beside
|
|
|
Peri
|
Around
|
|
|
Sub
|
Under
|
|
|
Karyote
|
Kernel (Nucleus)
|
|
|
Pseudo
|
False
|
|
|
Ex or E
|
To move out of
|
|
|
Auto
|
Self, Same
|
|
|
Troph
|
Nourishment
|
|
|
Epi
|
Outer
|
|
|
Meta
|
After, across, or change
|
|
|
Meso
|
Middle
|
|
|
Cephalo
|
Head
|
|
|
Erythro
|
Red
|
|
|
Chloro
|
Green
|
|
|
Neuro
|
Nerve
|
|
|
lyse, Lytic
|
Loosening, to break open or free
|
|
|
Iso
|
Equal
|
|
|
Plasm
|
To shape
|
|
|
Gen or Genesis
|
To be born
|
|
|
The smallest unit of an element composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons
|
Atom
|
|
|
Union of two or more atoms of the same or different elements
|
Molecule
|
|
|
The structural and functional unit of all living things
|
Cell
|
|
|
A group of cells working together for a common function
|
Tissue
|
|
|
Composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task
|
Organ
|
|
|
Organism
|
An individual
|
|
|
All the organisms of the same species in a particular area.
|
Population
|
|
|
Interacting population in a particular area
|
Community
|
|
|
What is the difference between Population and Community?
|
Population is all the same species and community is different species.
|
|
|
A community plus the physical environment
|
Ecosystem
|
|
|
All the regions of the earth that can support life
|
Biosphere
|
|
|
Source of all energy
|
The sun
|
|
|
What is wasted energy
|
Heat
|
|
|
What is recyclable
|
Nutrient Flow
|
|
|
All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
|
Metabolism
|
|
|
Solar energy turns into chemical energy
|
Photosynthesis
|
|
|
(Balance) Maintenence of internal conditions within certain boundaries
|
Homeostasis
|
|
|
Species become modifies over time to become more fit for environment
|
Natural Selection
|
|
|
Group of individuals that interbreed
|
Species
|
|
|
Decent of organisms from common ancestors
|
Evolution
|
|
|
Classification of living things or organims
|
Taxonomy
|
|
|
What are the 3 domains?
|
Eukarya, Bacteria, and archaea
|
|
|
What are the human classifications?
|
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
|
|
|
What domain is humans in?
|
Domain:Eukarya
|
|
|
What Kingdom are humans in?
|
Animalia
|
|
|
What phylum are humans in?
|
Chordata
|
|
|
What class are humans in?
|
Mammalia
|
|
|
What order are humans in?
|
Primates
|
|
|
What family are humans in?
|
Hominidae
|
|
|
What genus are humans in?
|
Homo
|
|
|
What species are humans in?
|
H. Sapiens
|
|
|
Prokaryotes
|
Before the nucleus
|
|
|
Eukaryotes
|
True Nucleus
|
|
|
Nucleus. Is unicellular or multicelluar, structurally complex and has many organelles
|
Eukaryotes
|
|
|
No Nucleus, unicelluar, structurally simple and metabolically complex and has few organelles.
|
Prokaryotes
|
|
|
The Four Kingdoms of Eukarya is:
|
Kingdom Protista(Protists), Kingdom Plantae(Plants), Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Animalia.
|
|
|
Protists consists of:
|
Unicelluar organisms
|
|
|
Plants consists of:
|
Multicelluar organisms and they photosynthesize food
|
|
|
Fungus consists of:
|
Complex cells and they absorb food.
|
|
|
Animals consists of:
|
Multicelluar organisms and they ingest food.
|
|
|
Scientific Process: (In order)
|
1. Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Experiment/observation Data 4. Conclusion 5. Scientific Theory
|
|
|
New Observations are made and previous date are studied
|
Observation
|
|
|
Testable statement (Prediction not question)
|
Hypothesis
|
|
|
Hypothesis is tested by experiment
|
Experiment/Observation data:
|
|
|
Results are analyzed and hypothesis is supported or rejected
|
Conclusion
|
|
|
Many experiments and observation support a theory
|
Scientific Theory
|
|
|
A factor that can be controlled
|
Variable
|
|
|
(independent) Factor of the experiment being tested
|
Experimental Variable
|
|
|
(dependent)Result or change that occurs due to the experimental variable
|
Responding Variable
|
|
|
Basic substances that can't be broken down (singular)
|
Elements
|
|
|
Compound
|
Two or more elements
|
|
|
John Dalton
|
came up with the atomic theory
|
|
|
Says that elements are composed of identical atoms
|
Atomic Theory
|
|
|
All atoms are made up of
|
subatomic particles
|
|
|
Proton has
|
an electric charge of +1, an atomic mass of 1, and is located in the nucleus
|
|
|
Neutron has
|
an electric charge of 0 has an atomic mass of 1 and is located in the nucleus.
|
|
|
Electron has
|
and electric charge of -1 and atomic mass of 0 and is located in the electron shell.
|
|
|
What keeps the electrons in orbit?
|
The positive charge of the nucleus.
|
|
|
What is the group number?
|
How many electrons are in the outer shell.
|
|
|
Atoms of the same elements that differ in number of neutrons
|
Isotopes
|
|
|
Unstable atoms do what?
|
Break down into normal form
|
|
|
An atom is most stable when?
|
When its outer shell is full.
|
|
|
Group numbers stand for?
|
How many electrons that are in the outer shell.
|
|
|
Everything in group 7. Nitrogen Oxygen and Hydrogen
|
Diatomic Elements
|
|
|
What is inert?
|
Means they dont react because they have their outer shell full.
|
|
|
The 3 different types of bonds...
|
1.)Ionic Bonds
2.)Covalent Bonds 3.)Hydrogen Bonds |
|
|
Transfers bonds to one atom to another.
|
Ionic Bonds
|
|
|
When two atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has an octet of electrons in an outer shell.
|
Covalent Bonds
|
|
|
Hydrogen bonds do what?
|
A water molecule that causes the hydrogen atoms in one molecule to be attracted to the oxygen atoms in other water molecules. It is weaker than most bonds.
|
|
|
Charged atom or molecule because of gain or loss of electrons
|
Ion
|
|
|
Why do atoms form ions?
|
Because they are trying to fill the outer shell.
|
|
|
What are the 2 types of Covalent Bonds?
|
Polar Covalent Bonds and Non polar covalent bonds.
|
|
|
Electrons are not shared equally.
|
Polar Covalent Bond
|
|
|
Electrons shared equally
|
Non Polar Covalent Bonds
|
|
|
The amount of heat needed to raise 1g of water to 1 Celsius.
|
calorie
|
|
|
Temp. rises and falls slowly.
|
High Heat Capacity
|
|
|
Requires a lot of energy to evaporate
|
High heat of vaporization
|
|
|
Dissolves many substances due to its polarity.
|
A good solvent
|
|
|
H2O molecules cling together as well as clinging to polar surfaces.
|
Cohesive and Adhesive Properties.
|
|
|
Strong force between molecules.
|
High Surface Tension
|
|
|
Water is most dense when?
|
At 4 Celsius
|
|
|
Which is more dense ice or water?
|
Water
|
|
|
Release of H+ ions water; ph<7
|
Acid
|
|
|
Release of H+ ions releases OH- ions water ph>7
|
Base
|
|
|
A chemical or combination of chemicals that keeps pH within normal limits.
|
Buffer
|
|
|
Organic
|
Contains carbon and hydrogen.
|
|
|
Organic molecules that have identical molecular formulas but a different arrangement of atoms.
|
Isomers
|
|
|
Inorganic Molecules:
|
Inorganic MoleculesUSUALLY contain positive and negative ions. USUALLY ionic bonding. ALWAYS contain a small number of atoms and OFTEN associated with non living matter.
|
|
|
Organic Molecules:
|
ALWAYS contain carbon and hydrogen. ALWAYS covalent bonding. OFTEN quite large with many atoms. USUALLY associated with living organisms.
|
|
|
Single sugar can have up to 3-7 carbons.
|
Monosacchrides
|
|
|
C6H12O6 is what?
|
Glucose
|
|
|
Contains two monosaccharides that have joined during a dehydration reaction.
|
Disaccharides
|
|
|
Glucose + Galactose=
|
Lactose
|
|
|
Glucose + Glucose =
|
Maltose
|
|
|
A molecule that speeds a reaction by bringing a reaction together.
|
Enzyme
|
|
|
Starch is found in what kingdom?
|
Plants
|
|
|
Glycogen is found in what kingdom
|
Animals
|
|
|
Cellulose is found in...
|
Plants
|
|
|
Chitin is found in
|
Animals and Fungi
|
|
|
What are the 5 types of lipids?
|
Fats, Oils, Waxes, Phospholipids, and Steroids.
|
|
|
Long-term energy storage and insulation in animals.
|
Fats
|
|
|
Long-term energy storage in plants and their seeds.
|
Oils
|
|
|
Component of plasma membrane
|
Phospholipids
|
|
|
Component of plasma membrane (cholestoral) , sex hormones
|
Steroids
|
|
|
Protections, prevent water loss
|
Waxes
|
|
|
What is the most common fat found in animals?
|
Triglyceride
|
|
|
This type of fat does not have double bonds. It holds as many as it can (Potential to clog arteries)
|
Saturated Fats
|
|
|
Unsaturated Fats have single bonds or double bonds?
|
Double Bonds
|
|
|
Has a Hydrophilic head with a hydrophobic tail.
|
Phospholipid
|
|
|
Long chain fatty acids with alcohol attached.
|
Waxes
|
|
|
What are the functions of proteins?
|
1.) Support
2.)Energy 3.)Transport across the membrane 4.) Defense 5.)Hormones 6.)Motion-Makes muscles contract |
|
|
Two or more amino acids bonded together.
|
Peptide
|
|
|
The 4 levels of structure in protein.
|
1.)Primary Structure
2.)Secondary Structure 3.)Tertiary Structure 4.)Quaternary Disease |
|
|
Nucleotide has 3 parts:
|
1.) 5-Carbon sugar (Pentose)
2.)Phosphate 3.)Nitrogen Base |
|
|
Genetic material that stores information regarding its own replication and the order in which amino acids are to be joined to make a protein. Also a polar molecule and double stranded.
|
Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA
|
|
|
Single-stranded, backbone is made up of a series of sugar-phosphate molecules.
|
Ribonucleic Acid or RNA
|
|
|
Complementary Base Pairing
|
A always binds with T and G always binds with C.
|
|
|
What are the bases of DNA?
|
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine.
|
|
|
What are the bases of RNA?
|
Adenine, Guanine, Uracil, and Cytosine
|
|
|
Energy + ADP =
|
ATP
|
|
|
Structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids that join to form a polypeptide.
|
Primary Level Structure of Protein
|
|
|
Hydrogen Bonding between amino acids causes the polypeptide to form an alpha helix or pleated sheet.
|
Secondary Level Structure of Protein
|
|
|
Due in part to covalent bonding between R groups the polypeptide folds and twists giving it globular shape.
|
Tertiary Structure
|
|
|
Occurs when two or more polypeptides join to form one protein.
|
Quaternary Structure
|
