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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Active Site |
-Pocket in an enzyme where subtrates bind and a reaction occurs |
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Cofactor |
-a metal ion or organic compound that associates with an enzyme and is necessary to function |
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Endocytosis |
-process by which cell takes in a small amount of extracellular fluid and its contents by its ballooning inward of the plasma memebrane |
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Enzyme |
-protein molecules that act as catalysts for specific chemical reactions -do not change the nature of a reaction or a final product |
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Hypertonic |
-concentration in surrounding solution is higher than concentration inside the cell -water moves into the cell |
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Osmosis |
-diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane |
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Products |
-molecule that is produced by the reaction |
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Solvent |
-dissolves other substances |
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Active Transport |
-requires energy expenditure to move a solute against its concentration -transport protein pumps a solute across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient |
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Denaturation |
-Proteins lose their function as a result of losing their specific three dimensional shape/conformation |
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Energy |
-the capacity to do work |
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Exergonic Reaction |
-reactants have more potential energy than products -release energy (ATP production in cellular respiration |
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Hypotonic |
-concentration in surrounding solution is higher than concentration inside the cell -water moves out of cell |
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Passive transport |
-membrane crossing mechanism that requires no energy |
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Reactants |
-molecule that enters a reaction and is changed by participating in it |
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Substrate |
-of an enzyme, a reactant that is specifically acted upon by the enzyme |
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ATP |
-functions as a coenzyme -energy of the cell -adenosine triphosphate |
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Diffusion |
-spontaneous spreading of molecules or ions -particles spread out evenly -move down their concentration gradient -increases with temperature -decreases with increased molecular weight |
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Energy of Activation |
-the minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction |
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Exocytosis |
-process by which a cell expels a vesicle's contents to extracellular fluid |
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Solute |
-dissolves in the solvent |
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Thermodynamics |
-study of energy transformation 1.Law of energy conservation 2.Law of increased entropy -no energy transformation is 100% efficient -heat generated in most transformation/disordered form on energy |
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Coenzyme |
-an organic cofactor |
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Endergonic Reaction |
-reactants have less potential energy than products -requires a net input of energy |
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Entropy |
-measure of how much energy of a system is dispersed |
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Facilitated Diffusion |
-transport protein allows a polar or charges substance to move down its concentration gradient across a membrane by providing hydrophilic channel |
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Kinetic Energy |
- energy in motion |
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Potential Energy |
-stored energy |
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Solution |
-a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances |
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What kind of molecules are in cell membranes? |
ig |
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Examples of the two basic forms of energy: |
Kinetic:rolling downhill, running Potential: stored fat, top of a roller coaster |
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What are the two laws of thermodynamics? |
1.Law of energy conservation -the amount of energy in the universe is constant -energy can be transformed but not created or destroyed 2.Law of increased entropy -energy tends to spread out spontaneously |
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Know the role of enzymes in chemical reactions. Be able to use the terms energy of activation, substrate, active site. |
jg |
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What environmental factors can affect the activity of enzymes? |
-temperature -pH level -salt level |
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Understand the differences between active and passive transport. |
Active transport requires energy to move across a membrane |
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Understand osmosis |
-diffusion of water molecules across a membrane |
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Water movement in cells placed in hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions |
Hypotonic: water moves into the cell Hypertonic: water moves out of the cell Isotonic: water moves into and out of the cell at an equal rate |
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What are some of the mechanisms involved in controlling metabolism? |
-cells conserve energy/resources by making what they need at a given time -mechanisms are involved in regulating the amount of production of certain substances |
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What is negative feedback? How does it work? |
hjh |
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Isotonic |
concentration of solutes in surrounding solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell -movement of water outside the cell is exactly balanced by movement of water into the cell |
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Phagocytosis |
-"Cell eating" -an endocytic pathway by which a cell engulfs particles such as microbes or cellular debris |
