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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is energy |
The ability to cause change, especially to do work |
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What are the 2 types of energy |
Kinetic and potential |
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What is kinetic energy |
Energy of motion |
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What is potential energy |
Stored energy |
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What is the 1st law of thermodynamics |
Energy in the universe is constant |
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What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics |
Energy transfers or transformations increase disorder or entropy |
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What is metabolism |
All chemical reactions that are needed to sustain life |
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What is catabolic reaction |
Break down of molecules |
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What is anabolic reactions |
Building up of molecules |
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What is endergonic reaction |
Energy inward |
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What is exergonic reactions |
Energy outward |
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What is an autotroph |
Produce their own organic molecules (photosynthesis) |
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What is a heterotroph |
Utilize organic compounds produced by other organisms (ingestion) |
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Can ATP be regenerated |
Yes |
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What is energy coupling |
The energy released from exergonic reactions, drive endergonic reactions |
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What is phosphorylation |
Causes a conformational change of the protein allowing work to be performed |
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What is dephosphorylation |
Transform a protein back to its original shape |
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An enzymes substrate fits perfectly in its... |
Active site |
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What is a chemical that interferes with an enzymes activity |
An inhibitor |
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All cells have a |
Plasma membrane (phospholipids bilayer) |
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What are 2 general types of movement through the membrane |
Passive and active transport |
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Does passive transport need energy |
No |
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Does active transport need energy |
Yes |
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What are the 3 main types of passive transport |
1. Diffusion 2. Facilitated diffusion 3. Osmosis |
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Does active transport involve the use of proteins |
Yes |
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What does ATP change the shape of |
Protein |
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What is exocytosis |
Elimination of cellular waste, products, or mucous via a vesicle (bulk transport) |
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What are the 3 types of endocytosis |
1. Receptor mediation endocytosis 2. Phagocytosis 3. Pinocytosis |
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Examples of producers |
Plants, algae, and bacteria |
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Where does the ultimate energy source come from |
Sun |
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What are the 2 methods for catabolic pathways for cellular respiration |
Anaerobic and aerobic |
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What is anaerobic |
Without oxygen |
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What is aerobic |
With oxygen |
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What are the reactants to cellular respiration |
Glucose and oxygen |
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What are the products of cellular respiration |
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy |
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What is the first step in cellular respiration |
Gylcolysis |
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What is the last step in cellular respiration |
Electron transport chain |
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What is step 2 in cellular respiration cycle |
Acetyl CoA formation |
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What is step 3 in the cellular respiration cycle |
The Krebs cycle |
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What is photosynthesis |
Capturing light to generate organic molecules (food) |
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What is photosynthesis utilized by |
Photoautotrophs |
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Where are chloroplasts concentrated in the cells |
The mesophyll |
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What is the stomata |
Tiny pores in the leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to leave |
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Is cellular respiration exer or ender gonic |
Exergonic |
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Is photosynthesis exer or ender gonic |
Endergonic |
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Where does the light reaction occur |
The thylakoid membrane |
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Where does the dark cycle occur |
The stromata |
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What does the dark reaction do |
Convert CO2 into glucose using energy captured from the light reaction |
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What are the main tasks of light reactions |
Splitting water Generating ATP Generating free energy (NADPH) |
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What are C3 plants |
In cooler climates Depends on easy access to CO2 |
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What are C4 |
1.Common in warm climate 2.Have trouble obtaining CO2 (because too much O2 is present) 3.The malate converts CO2 that goes through the Calvin cycle in a different cell |
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What are CAM plants |
1.They conserve H2O by keeping stomata closed during the day Ex. Cactus |
