Biology Ch 5

Front 1

Name two mechanisms of active transport.

Back 1

Coupled transport and sodium-potassium pump

Front 2

What kind of transport occurs without a cell expending any of its own energy?

Back 2

Passive transport

Front 3

Two solutions that have the same solute concentration are called ___ ?

Back 3

Isotonic

Front 4

Does diffusion and facilitated diffusion involve active transport or passive transport?

Back 4

Passive transport

Front 5

Net movement of a substance down its ___ ___, driven by diffusion, will continue until the concentration of that substance is the same in all regions.

Back 5

Concentration gradient

Front 6

List small polar, large polar, and nonpolar molecules in order according to their capability to cross the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane without the help of transport proteins.

Back 6

1. Nonpolar molecules, 2. Small polar molecules, 3. Large polar molecules

Front 7

Ions and molecules in the cytoplasm of a cell are dissolved in ___ .

Back 7

Water

Front 8

The diffusion of ___ molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis.

Back 8

Water

Front 9

The cytoplasm of a cell contains ___ and ___, dissolved in water.

Back 9

Ions and molecules

Front 10

What is an aqueous solution?

Back 10

A solution in which water is the solvent

Front 11

In an aqueous solution, what are the substances dissolved in water called?

Back 11

Solutes

Front 12

Both water and solutes tend to diffuse from regions of ___ concentration to ones of ___ concentration.

Back 12

High to low. aka, They diffuse down their concentration gradients.

Front 13

Name an example of a solute.

Back 13

Ions or sugars

Front 14

What organism surrounds the cells with an isotonic extracellular fluid to maintain osmotic balance?

Back 14

Humans

Front 15

Name an organism that surrounds the cells with a rigid cell wall that can withstand the pressure that builds up inside the cells due to the inflow of water by osmosis (to maintain osmotic balance).

Back 15

Oak tree

Front 16

Name an organism that uses contractile vacuoles to actively pump water out of the cells in order to maintain osmotic balance.

Back 16

Paramecium

Front 17

Name a type of membrane that is fluid and selectively permeable.

Back 17

Plasma membrane

Front 18

Net movement of a substance from a region where it has a higher concentration to a region where it has a lower concentration is called ___ ?

Back 18

Diffusion

Front 19

What type of transport requires the cell to expend some of its own energy?

Back 19

Active transport

Front 20

What type of transport does not require the cell to expend its own energy?

Back 20

Passive transport

Front 21

Name a mechanism of active transport.

Back 21

Sodium potassium pump

Coupled transport

Front 22

What is one of the toughest substances to cross the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane without the help of transport proteins?

Back 22

Ions

Front 23

What is one of the easiest substances to cross the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane without the help of transport proteins?

Back 23

Nonpolar molecules

Front 24

In what type of solution does water move out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel?

Back 24

Hypertonic solution

Front 25

In what type of solution does water diffuse into and out of the cell at the same rate, with no change in cell size?

Back 25

Isotonic solution

Front 26

In what type of solution, does water move into the cell?

Back 26

Hypotonic solution

Front 27

The sodium potassium pump uses energy from ATP to alter the confirmation of the ___ ___.

Back 27

Carrier protein

Front 28

The sodium-potassium pump move sodium ions and potassium ions across the membrane in ___ ___.

Back 28

Opposite directions

Front 29

In a hypotonic solution, does water move into or out of the cell?

Back 29

both

Front 30

Each channel protein allows a specific type of ion or molecule to cross the membrane in which direction?

Back 30

Both directions

Front 31

What are channel proteins used for?

Back 31

To transport ions and polar molecules across the membrane

Front 32

What makes up the bilayer of every cell membrane?

Back 32

Phospholipids

Front 33

If a cell is transferred from a hypotonic environment to a hypertonic environment, what will happen to the hydrostatic pressure inside the cell wall?

Back 33

It will decrease

Front 34

How many types of transport proteins are there?

Back 34

2

Front 35

What type of transport proteins actually bind with the substance being transported?

Back 35

Carrier proteins

Front 36

What type of transport protein provides a hydrophilic space for the substance to move through?

Back 36

Channel proteins

Front 37

Water flow across the plasma membrane is facilitated by special channel proteins called ___.

Back 37

Aquaporins

Front 38

Does the hypertonic solution have a higher concentration of solutes or water molecules than a hypotonic solution?

Back 38

Solutes

Front 39

Water is attracted to charged or polar solutes, forming ___ ___around them.

Back 39

Hydration shells

Front 40

What type of diffusion requires a concentration gradient?

Back 40

Facilitated diffusion

Front 41

What type of diffusion requires the assistance of proteins?

Back 41

Facilitated diffusion

Front 42

During facilitated diffusion by carrier proteins, as solute concentration increases, the rate of diffusion ____...

Back 42

As solid concentration increases the rate of diffusion increases but eventually it remains constant once it reaches a maximum rate (saturation).

Front 43

Name a protein carrier.

Back 43

Sodium-potassium pum

Front 44

Which type of transport proteins use energy from ATP directly?

Back 44

Protein pumps

Hint 44

The general term